Enhancing Mango Productivity through Sustainable Resource Management

Mango the “King of fruits” is the most important fruit crop in India and the area under mango is the largest among fruit crops (2,516 thousand ha) with a production of around 19.69 million tonnes. India ranks first in mango production in the world contributing 41% of the total world production of mango. Among Indian states, with a total output of 4.3 million MT, Uttar Pradesh stands first as mango producing state. (Fig.1).This is followed by Telangana (2.73 million MT), Karnataka (1.75 million MT) and Bihar (1.36 million MT). Particularly in India all stages of mango fruit are used starting from immature to over ripe stages. Mango has specific problem of alternate bearing leading many times to low yields or no yield

Effect of Planting Density on Growth Parameters and Fruit Yield in Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda Cultivated under Mild Humid Conditions of Coorg

A study was carried out in 'Allahabad Safeda' guava (Psidium guajava L.) to standardize the effect of planting densities on growth parameters viz., scion girth, plant height, and spread (East - West and North - South), canopy area, canopy volume and fruit yield over a ten years period. The trial was laid out with five planting densities viz., 6x3, 6x4, 6x6, 8x4, 8x3m accommodating 555, 416, 277, 312 and 416 plants/ha respectively with four replications having sixteen plants per treatment in a randomized block design during 1988-89 season. The grafted plants on seedling rootstock were planted and the yield data were recorded from 1992 to 1997. The results indicated that the scion girth was significantly higher in 8x3 or 8x4m configurations. There were no significant differences among treatments for plant height. The plant spread across East-West direction was however significant in 8x3m. The fruit yield in Mrig bahar was significantly higher as compared to that of Hasth bahar in terms of fruit number and weight. Land Use Index (LUI) values exceeding 50% had bearing on the productivity of different configurations. The productivity was nearly double in 6x3m where, the planting density was twice as much in recommended spacing (6x6m) by sixth year of planting after which, yield levels declined. Thus, it was concluded that a spacing of 6x3m having 555 plants/ha, gives the highest productivity in 'Allahabad Safeda' guava by sixth year of planting under North Coorg conditions

Nucleic acid distribution pattern as a possible biomarker for metabolic activities of neoplastic cells: a digitally-aided fluorescence microscopy study on normal and neoplastic lymphocytes of acute and chronic canine lymphocytic leukemia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Metabolic states of neoplastic cells are increasingly being relied upon for diagnostic and prognostic assessment of neoplastic conditions. The nucleic acid distribution pattern of cells in general, in terms of degree of condensation of the nuclear chromatin and overall spread of the nucleic acid within the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, can reflect the metabolic state of the cell. This simple but logical concept appears not be put into consideration to date as numerous attempts are being made towards formulating reliable biomarkers for rapid diagnosis, prognosis and subsequent therapeutic interventions for neoplastic conditions. We comparatively evaluated nucleic acid distribution patterns of normal lymphocytes and neoplastic cells of lymphocytic lineage, employing light and fluorescence microscopy procedures, as well as digital imaging analytical methods.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results demonstrate distinctiveness in the pattern of nucleic acid distribution for the normal lymphocytes and three lymphocytic neoplastic cell-types of canine lymphocytic leukemia that are categorized as small, intermediate and large neoplastic lymphocytes. Variably-shaped cytoplasmic processes laden with single-stranded nucleic acids (SSNA) were observed for the small and intermediate-sized neoplastic lymphocytes, compared with large neoplastic lymphocytes and the normal lymphocytes; the latter two categories of cells being virtually devoid of similar processes. Prominent cytoplasmic and nuclear clumps of SSNA, indicative of a higher rate of metabolic activity, were also observed within the neoplastic cells compared with fewer and narrower SSNA of the normal cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The comparative relative increases of SSNA in cytoplasmic processes and other cellular areas of small and intermediate-sized neoplastic lymphocytes is reflective of greater metabolic activity in neoplastic cells in general compared with their normal cellular counterparts.</p

N-(5-Bromo­pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C7H7BrN2O, contains two mol­ecules, in one of which the methyl H atoms are disorderd over two orientations in a 0.57 (3):0.43 (3) ratio. The dihedral angles between the pyridine rings and the acetamide groups are 7.27 (11) and 8.46 (11)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generating bifurcated R 2 1(5) ring motifs, which in turn lead to [110] chains

Diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,4-dihydro­pyridine-3,5-dicarboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C22H25N3O4, the dihydro­pyridine ring adopts a flattened boat conformation. The pyrazole ring makes a dihedral angle of 29.04 (5)° with the benzene ring. The mol­ecular structure is stabilized by an intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond which generates an S(9) ring motif. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via N—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional network parallel to the ab plane. The crystal structure is further consolidated by weak C—H⋯π inter­actions

(2E)-2-(4-Fluoro­benzyl­idene)hydrazinecarboxamide

In the title compound, C8H8FN3O, the semicarbazide group is close to being planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.020 (1) Å, and subtends a dihedral angle of 16.63 (9)° with its attached fluoro­benzene ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers lying parallel to the bc plane

4-(Morpholin-4-yl)-3-(trifluoro­meth­yl)­benzonitrile

In the title benzonitrile compound, C12H11F3N2O, an intra­molecular C—H⋯F hydrogen bond generates an S(7) ring motif. The trifluoro­methyl group is disordered over two orientations with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.549 (16):0.451 (16). The morpholine ring adopts a chair conformation. The benzene ring and mean plane of the morpholine ring make a dihedral angle of 58.04 (10)° with each other. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected by inter­molecular C—H⋯F and C—H⋯O inter­actions to form R 2 2(8) ring motifs. These inter­actions also link the mol­ecules into chains parallel to the [10] direction

Interaction Effect between Phosphorus and Zinc on their Availability in Soil in Relation to their Contents in Stevia ( Stevia rebaudiana

A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore to study the interaction effect between phosphorus and zinc on their availability in soil in relation to their contents in stevia (Stevia rebaudiana). The results show that the amount of available P and Zn content in soil has been found to increase initially and, thereafter, the amount of the same decreased with the progress of plant growth up to 60 days irrespective of treatments. The amount of P and Zn in soils showed an increase with their separate applications either as soil or foliar spray while that of the same value significantly decreased both in soils and plants due to their combined applications, suggesting a mutual antagonistic effect between Zn and P affecting each other's availability in soil and content in the stevia plant

2-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)-2-oxoethyl 4-hy­droxy­benzoate

The title compound, C15H11ClO4, consists of a chloro­benzene ring and a phenol ring which are linked together by a 1,4-dioxo-2-oxabutane-1,4-diyl group. The dihedral angle between the chloro­benzene and phenol rings is 65.70 (11)°. In the crystal, inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains along [010]

2-(4-Fluoro­phen­yl)-2-oxoethyl 3-(trifluoro­meth­yl)benzoate

In the title compound, C16H10F4O3, the fluoro­form group is disordered over two orientations with an occupancy ratio of 0.834 (4):0.166 (4). The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 20.34 (9)°. In the crystal, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into layers lying parallel to the bc plane