Inhibitory Effect of Nano-oligonucleotides as a New Nanotechnology Method in Gene Therapy of Leukemia In Vitro

<p><strong><em>Background and Objectives:</em> </strong>Gene therapy is a new and specific method for therapy of leukemia. Antitelomerase agents can be used in cancer therapy. Telomeres are specialized heterochromatin structures that act as protective caps at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. Human telomeres consist of tandem repeats of the hexanucleotide sequence TTAGGG in double strand. Telomerase is detected in the majority of cancers, but not in normal tissue. Telomere maintenance in 80–95% of tumor cells is achieved by telomerase. The aim of this research was to assess the inhibitory effects of nano-oligonucleotides as a new nano technology method in gene therapy of leukemia in vitro.<strong></strong></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Methods:</em> </strong>In this study, we employed→P5N3 phosphoramidate oliogoadenylate synthetic, called sense, antisense and scramble.<strong></strong></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong><strong> </strong>In this research, oligomers with.5 micromolr did not have any effect on telomerase phosphoramidate→P5activity. But telomerase activity significantly decreased with N3 hTR sense and antisense after 3 days with 1 to 3 micro molar in comparison with control groups.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Conclusion</em>:</strong> One of the reasons for inhibition of telomerase via the aforementioned antisense is to link them with RNA telomere named hTR and hence prevent this enzyme from functioning. By doing this, in fact, hTR is dissolved. This method in vitro can be used in human leukemia.</p><p><em> </em></p&gt

Investigating the Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on E.coli Growth

<p><strong><em>Background and Objectives:</em> </strong>Nanoparticles are very small pieces of material that have different applications in medical fields. Nanosilver technology is a functional branch in nanotechnology. Different studies have proved antimicrobial effects and useful functions of nanosilver in biotechnology field and its specific inhibitory effects on microbes. As no exact report about antibacterial effects of these nanoparticles has been made, this study was conducted to investigate silver inhibitory effects on <em>E.coli</em>.<strong></strong></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong> Nanosilver particles at concentration of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500ppm were inseminated on blank anti biogram discs and were placed on cultivated nutrient agar environment by 0.5 Mac Farland`s standard. Then, inhibition zone diameter was measured in the first, second, and sixth day. T-test was used to compare the average inhibition zone in control and treatment groups and the value p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> In the first day after the treatment of nanosilver particles at a concentration of 400ppm, the average inhibition zone diameter was 2.30±0.43mm in <em>E.coli</em> that has been increased significantly in comparison with control culture (p=0.01). In the second day after treatment at a concentration of 400ppm, the average disc diameter was 2.48±0.39mm which shows that these values have been increased significantly in comparison with control groups (p=0.01), but they were not significantly different from the first day.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Conclusion:</em> </strong>Since Nonotechnology has various applications in different fields, expanding these results could be helpful in biomedical therapeutic of bacteria diseases. In conclusion, our results may provide this important insight that nanoparticles could replace many antibiotics without many side effects.</p><p> </p&gt

Effect of Silver nanoparticles and hydroalcholic extract of Ginger and Camphor on liver tissue and enzymes

Background: Active metabolites are formed during the metabolism of toxins that can damage the liver. Using plants in treatment of the liver diseases has a long history. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Camphor have antioxidant and disinfectant properties that in combination with nano-silver can be more effective in the prevention and treatment of the diseases. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effects of Ginger, Camphor and Silver nanoparticles on the liver toxicity of thioacetamide was examined. Rats were divided into six groups (n=10), then the control group was treated with saline and the treatment groups with Ginger and Camphor extracts, 3000ppm dose of Silver nanoparticles and the combination of the three materials. Five mice in each group were sampled from the heart and their liver tissues isolated. The thioacetamide 50mg / kg was injected for the remaining 5 mice in each group during the two consecutive days. Blood samples were taken 48 hours after the last injection and then the liver tissues isolated. Finally, SGPT and SGOT enzymes were measured. Results: The combination of the three materials significantly decreased the SGOT enzyme after the liver toxicity. Hepatocytes and liver tissue in this group had suffered less damage than other groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: Ginger can have a protective effect on liver, but combination of the substances can have more protective effect

Inhibitory Effect of Nano-oligonucleotides as a New Nanotechnology Method in Gene Therapy of Leukemia In Vitro

Background and Objectives: Gene therapy is a new and specific method for therapy of leukemia. Antitelomerase agents can be used in cancer therapy. Telomeres are specialized heterochromatin structures that act as protective caps at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. Human telomeres consist of tandem repeats of the hexanucleotide sequence TTAGGG in double strand. Telomerase is detected in the majority of cancers, but not in normal tissue. Telomere maintenance in 80–95% of tumor cells is achieved by telomerase. The aim of this research was to assess the inhibitory effects of nano-oligonucleotides as a new nano technology method in gene therapy of leukemia in vitro.Methods: In this study, we employed→P5N3 phosphoramidate oliogoadenylate synthetic, called sense, antisense and scramble.Results: In this research, oligomers with.5 micromolr did not have any effect on telomerase phosphoramidate→P5activity. But telomerase activity significantly decreased with N3 hTR sense and antisense after 3 days with 1 to 3 micro molar in comparison with control groups. Conclusion: One of the reasons for inhibition of telomerase via the aforementioned antisense is to link them with RNA telomere named hTR and hence prevent this enzyme from functioning. By doing this, in fact, hTR is dissolved. This method in vitro can be used in human leukemia

Effect of Silver nanoparticles on plasma and renal tissue of urea, creatine and uricacid changes in male rats

Background: The anti-bacterial property of silver nanoparticles has been led to increasing use of nanoparticles in medicine, appliances and electronic products. The aim of this study was to assess renal injury using sensitive biomarkers for kidney damage. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were injected by nanosilver (50, 100, 200 and 400ppm). Then blood samples were collected and tissue samples from the liver were prepared and studied with silver staining. ANOVA with a P<0.05 was considered for analysis of data. Results: Results showed that different concentrations of urea (P=0.867), creatine (P=0.279) and uric acid (P=0.999) silver nanoparticles on the rate of change has no significant impact. The histological changes in 400 PPm dose of silver nanoparticles can be seen compared with the control group, which probably reflects histological changes in the kidney. Conclusion: Due to the increased use of products containing nanosilver and for the generalization of the findings of this study can be used in the medical field

Effect of nanosilver on Alkalin phosphatase activity and liver tissue in male rats

Background: Nowadays, nanotechnology has become a key word of public interest, and is a part of their daily life. Considering the extensive applications of nanosilver in our country and lack of detailed documentation on the toxicity of these nanoparticles, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanosilver on the enzyme Alkalin phosphtase. Methods and Materials: In this study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were injected by 50,100,200 and 400 ppm of nanosilver. Then blood samples were collected and tissue samples from the liver prepared and studied using silver staining. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA. Results : Results showed that different concentrations of silver nanoparticles hah no significant effect on the Alkalin phosphatase (P=0.705) . Moreover, the tissue changes were seen in 400 PPm concentration of silver nanoparticles compared to the control group . Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the use of nanoparticle is safe for this enzyme in the above-mentioned condition. The histological changes were shown that nano silver in 400ppm concentration induced apoptosis in liver probability. Considering the physiological similarities between rats and humans , these results could be used in preventing the side effects of using appliances containing silver nanoparticles

Comparing the synergic effects of nanocopper particles and Melissa officinalis L. essential oil on growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus

Background: Using the plants to treat the diseases, which has increased around the world, does not have any side effects. This study aimed to examine the antimicrobial effects of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil and Nanocopper particles on growth inhibition of S.aureus (MRS). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, Inhibition zone diameter of the materials was measured using the Agar disk diffusion method. Different concentrations of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil and Nanocopper particles were prepared. Then, the antimicrobial activity of the materials 24 hour after the treatment was evaluated for Nanocopper particles in concentration of 100 and 500 ppm and essential oil 12.5 to 50.Results: Results of this study showed that Nanocopper particles does not have any inhibitory effect on S.aureus (MRS) growth 24 hour after the treatment. Inhibition zone diameter for different concentrations of Melissa officinalis L. oil was 19/91±0.13mm. Mixture of 500ppm Nanocopper particles and different concentrations of Melissa officinalis L. oil after 24 hour showed that mixture of the two substances does not have any synergic effect on growth inhibition of S.aureus (MRS). Conclusion: Nanocopper particles and Melissa officinalis L. oil do not have any synergic effect on S.aureus (MRS) growth in vitro condition. This Melissa officinalis L. essential oil can be used as antimicrobial agent for inhibition of bacterial diseases in human

The effect of dermal exposure to Silver nanoparticles on the levels of the white and red blood cells in male rats

Background: Nanosilver is widely used in medical equipment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Silver nanoparticles on WBC and RBC count in male rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 40 male Wistar rats. The experimental groups were exposed to different concentrations of Silver nanoparticles (50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm). The mean numbers of RBC and WBC count in the mice-treated and control groups at day 12th after the treatment were compared with each other. Results: Blood damage caused by a single dose of Silver nanoparticles was observed at 50 ppm RBC. According to the results of different studies, the impact will be temporary and will disappear within a month. No significant effects were observed in the other groups. Conclusion: According to the different studies, the lack of toxicity by nanoparticles, especially in in vivo, can be attributed to their quick removal by the reticuloendothelial system in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes and subsequent disposal of nanoparticles from the body