Effect of vitamin D3 supplement in glycemic control of pediatrics with type 1 diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency

Background: Glycemic control prevents microvascular complications in patients with type I diabetes mellitus such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy that influences quality of life. Some studies show the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D in synthesis and secretion of insulin. Aims: In this study we evaluate glycemic changes after vitamin D3 supplement in children with type I diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency. Materials and Methods: In children with type I diabetes mellitus, level of vitamin D and HbA1C was measured. Patients with type I diabetes mellitus who had vitamin D deficiency (25OHD 9.9. This supplement transfer patients toward better glycemic control for the entire group (p-value < 0.0001). Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplement improves HbA1C in pediatrics with type I diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency. © 2015, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All Rights Reserved

Heterocyclic Anticancer compounds: Using S-NICS Method

This work is done for developing of modern anticancer drugs. Many of heterocyclic compounds are known as anticancer drugs such as alkylating agents which have targeted cell DNA causing cell death. Heterocycles’ ring structures are in essence composed by atoms other than carbon, where the most frequent substituents are sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen. In our previous work, it has been exhibited that S-NICS method is an accurate method for estimation the amount of aromaticity in the non-benzenerings similar heterocyclic rings which are popular molecules in organic chemical compounds as anti-cancer disease. Although NICS values for benzene and naphthalene and so on can be indicated as aromaticity criterion, for other molecules such as heterocyclic rings and their derivatives, S-NICS values are much more accurate compare to NICS index

Trends of 28 days case fatality rate after first acute myocardial infarction in Isfahan, Iran, from 2000 to 2009

Background: The purpose of the present study was the analysis of the trends in case fatality rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Isfahan, Iran. This analysis was performed based on gender, age groups, and type of AMI according to the International Classification of Diseases, version 10, during 2000-2009. Methods: Disregarding the Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA), this cohort study considered all AMI events registered between 2000 and 2009 in 13 hospitals in Isfahan. All patients were followed for 28 days. In order to assess the case fatality rate, the Kaplan-Meier analysis, and to compare survival rate, log-rank test were used. Using the Cox regression model, 28 days case fatality hazard ratio (HR) was calculated. Results: In total, 12,900 patients with first AMI were entered into the study. Among them, 9307 (72.10) were men and 3593 (27.90) women. The mean age in all patients increased from 61.36 ± 12.19 in 2000-2001 to 62.15 ± 12.74 in 2008-2009, (P = 0.0070); in women, from 65.38 ± 10.95 to 67.15 ± 11.72 (P = 0.0200), and in men, from 59.75 ± 12.29 to 59.84 ± 12.54 (P = 0.0170),. In addition, the 28 days case fatality rate in 2000-2009 had a steady descending trend. Thus, it decreased from 11.20 in 2000-2001 to 07.90 in 2008-2009; in men, from 09.20 to 06.70, and in women, from 16.10 to 10.90. During the study, HR of case fatality rate in 2000-2001 declined; therefore, in 2002-2003, it was 0.93 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77-1.11, in 2004-2005, 0.88 (95% CI = 0.73-1.04), in 2006-2007, 0.67 (95% CI = 0.56- 0.82), and in 2008-2009, 0.69 (95% CI = 0.56-0.82). Conclusion: In Isfahan, a reduction was observable in the trend of case fatality rate in both genders and all age groups. Thus, there was a 29.46% reduction in case fatality rate (27.17% in men, 32.29% in women) during the study period. © 2015, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved

The interactive effect of water-borne cadmium and environmental hypoxia on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) metabolism

Regarding to the tight association between aquatic hypoxia and heavy metal contaminations in one hand and the role of both parameters on fish respiration, metabolism of carp could be assessed under single and mutual exposures to hypoxia and cadmium. Following measuring LC50-96h of cadmium (43.679 mg/l) for this species, 80 common carp were exposed to 10 different treatments, including control, acute (43.68 mg/l), sub-lethal (21.84 mg/l) and chronic (4.37 mg/l) cadmium as well as hypoxia for immediately (20% of saturation), 24h (40%) and 7 days (60%), and joint exposure of each similar treatment. By using of respirometer technique, we measured oxygen consumption rate in different time spans to calculate each individual standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), aerobic scope (AS), factorial aerobic scope (FAS) and critical oxygen tension (PCrit). Obtained data show that acute and sub-lethal cadmium treatments led to significant (P<0.05) increases in all metabolic indices in comparison with control group whilst the MMR and AS have been reduced (P<0.05) following hypoxia treatments. Combined treatments of hypoxia and cadmium led to reduce SMR and PCrit in all treatments and MMR, AS and FAS only in acute and sub-lethal treatments. In overall, hypoxia can act as a limiting stressor in carp while cadmium can account as a loading stressor

LIVER CANCER IN THE WORLD: EPIDEMIOLOGY, INCIDENCE, MORTALITY AND RISK FACTORS

Objective: Liver cancer is the sixth common cancer and the second leading cause of death from cancer around the world. It is significantly more observable among male with its highest incidence in the age group of 45 to 60 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, mortality, and risk factors of liver cancer in the world. Materials and Methods: This review study was performed on published English studies by searching for databases PubMed, Scopus and web of science up to end of 2017. The strategy search includes key words of "Liver cancer", " Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)", "Epidemiology", "incidence", "mortality", "risk Factors", and " the world". We reviewed studies on the incidence, mortality, and risk factors of liver cancer. Results: Generally, liver cancer is more common in the East Asia with, the highest incidence rate in Mongolia. The standard incidence of liver cancer was 10.1 per 100,000 people (15.3 in males and 5.3 in females). The highest mortality rates occurred observed in the East Asian countries. The standardized mortality rate for liver cancer was 9.5 per 100,000 people (14.3 in males and 5.1 in females). The most important risk factors for liver cancer included the chronic infections with HBV and HCV, Aflatoxin, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. Conclusions: Liver cancer has a higher incidence rate in East Asian countries. Majority of the cases are detected mostly at the advanced level of disease. Then, an early diagnosis could be effective in reducing mortality rate of this cancer. Also, conparing HCV(hepatitis C virus) and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) may lead to reducing risk factors of liver cancer

Expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factors A and C in patients with peptic ulcers and gastric cancer

Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important growth factors for metastatic tumors. To clarify the role of VEGF-A and C in patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) or gastric cancer (GC), we evaluated the expression levels of these two molecules. We also analyzed the effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on VEGF-A and C expression levels

Epidemiology and trend of cancers in the province of Kerman: Southeast of Iran

Background: According to increase in elderly populations, and change in lifestyle and cancer-causing behavior, the global burden of cancer is increasing. For prevention and control of disease, knowledge of population statistics of cancers and their trends is essential. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and trends of cancer in the province of Kerman: southeast of Iran. Materials and Methods: This analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out based on cancer registry data at the Disease Management Center of the Health Ministry from 2004 to 2009 in the province of Kerman in Iran. Common cancers were defined as the number of reported cases and standardized incidence rates. To compute the annual percentage change (APC), joinpoint 4.1.1.1 software was applied. Results: Of 10,595 registered cases, 45.3 (4802 cases) were in women and 56.7 (5,793 cases) occurred in men. The standardized incidence rates for both females and males were increasing during the six years studied. The most common cancers in both sexes during six years of studied were skin (13.4), breast (9.35), bladder (7.8), stomach (7.45), leukemia (7.05), colorectal(5.57), lung(4.92), trachea(3.51) and prostate(2.48). Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the cancer incidence is demonstrating increasing trends in both sexes in the province of Kerman. This may be because of changes in lifestyle, increasing exposure to risk factors for cancer and increase of life expectancy. If this is the case, increasing public awareness of cancer risk factors is a high priority, together with introduction of large-scale screening techniques

Trend of incidence of gastric cancer in sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran

Objective: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of death from cancers in the world and is known as the most deadly cancer in Iran. Since the knowledge about the epidemiological situation and the trend of incidence of this cancer is essential to plan for the prevention and treatment of cancer, this study was performed with the aim of investigating the epidemiological status, the rate and the trend of gastric cancer incidence in Sistan and Baluchestan province. Methods: This study was conducted using existing data and data extracted from the National Cancer Registry System and the Disease Management Center of Iranian Ministry of Health between 2003 and 2008. Age-Standardized incidence rates (ASIR) were calculated using the world standard population. The crude incidence rate was also computed. Cochran�Armitage test for linear trend was used for evaluation of the incidence trend. Results: The number of 255 cases of gastric cancer occurred in the study period that 188 cases were in men and 67 in women. Accordingly, the incidence of gastric cancer has had an ascending trend in Sistan and Baluchestan (p=0.00) and its incidence in men and women has changed to 1.18 and 2.73 in 2004 to 1.84 and 4.48 in 2008, respectively. Furthermore, with ageing, the incidence of gastric cancer has increased in both sexes and its incidence was higher in men than women. Conclusion: The incidence of gastric cancer has an increasing trend in Sistan and Baluchestan, hence, etiological surveys and programs of early diagnosis are useful in this province to the reduce cancer. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd