23 research outputs found
Receptor Sorting within Endosomal Trafficking Pathway Is Facilitated by Dynamic Actin Filaments
Early endosomes (EEs) are known to be a sorting station for internalized
molecules destined for degradation, recycling, or other intracellular
organelles. Segregation is an essential step in such sorting, but the molecular
mechanism of this process remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that actin is
required for efficient recycling and endosomal maturation by producing a motile
force. Perturbation of actin dynamics by drugs induced a few enlarged EEs
containing several degradative vacuoles and also interfered with their
transporting ability. Actin repolymerization induced by washout of the drug
caused the vacuoles to dissociate and individually translocate toward the
perinuclear region. We further elucidated that cortactin, an actin-nucleating
factor, was required for transporting contents from within EEs. Actin filaments
regulated by cortactin may provide a motile force for efficient sorting within
early endosomes. These data suggest that actin filaments coordinate with
microtubules to mediate segregation in EEs
Resting serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level increases after 8-week resistance training among young females
Changes of pituitary, adrenal and gonadal hormones during competition among female soccer players
Risk of female athlete triad development in Japanese collegiate athletes is related to sport type and competitive level
Akemi Sawai,1,* Bryan J Mathis,2,* Hiroaki Natsui,3 Alexander Zaboronok,2 Risa Mitsuhashi,1 Yuki Warashina,4 Noboru Mesaki,4 Hitoshi Shiraki,4 Koichi Watanabe4 1Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; 2Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; 3Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Japan Women’s College of Physical Education, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan; 4Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan *These authors contributed equally to this work Introduction: Menstrual dysfunction, musculoskeletal injury, and poor nutrition combine to form the female athlete triad (FAT), which results in serious health consequences for affected athletes. To this point, the risk factors of this phenomenon have not been fully explored in Japanese female college athletes. Additionally, the effect of competitive level on FAT risk factors has also not been reported. Therefore, we aimed to examine FAT risk factors in Japanese female athletes of various sports as well as examine the impact of competitive level on FAT.Methods: A Japanese-language survey was completed by 531 athletes and 20 nonathletes at two Japanese universities and answers with regard to menstrual status, musculoskeletal injury, nutrition, and other variables were analyzed based on classification of the sports into nine distinct groups based on activity type. Sport intensity, training volume, and competitive levels were used to further classify each sport. One-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS were carried out to analyze significance for relationships between sport intensity and FAT risk factors. Additionally, the relationship between competitive level and FAT risk factors was analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests.Results: Sport intensity was positively correlated with a delay in menarche as well as dysmenorrhea and poor nutrition while musculoskeletal injury was correlated with repetitive, high-training volume sports. Lower competitive levels increased dysmenorrhea but did not impact injury status or nutrition.Conclusion: Sport intensity and training volume, but not competitive level, are the critical factors affecting FAT risk in Japanese female college athletes. Keywords: athletes, dysmenorrhea, FAT, female, Japanese, tria