Construction simulation using parallel computing environments

The paper describes and compares alternative approaches to implementing construction simulation models within a multiprocessor computing environment. Both parallel-algorithmic and neural network based methods of simulating construction processes are considered, and compared with the conventional serial-algorithmic approach. The lines along which a simulation algorithm can be divided into tasks for parallel execution on a multiprocessor are first discussed, and the merits of each approach are identified. This is followed by a brief discourse on neural networks, their application to construction simulation, and the way in which such an implementation can be implemented within a multiprocessing environment. The merits and demerits of all approaches are discussed with particular reference to a model of an excavation system. A case study comparing the speed at which each implementation can process a simulation shows the neural approach to operate approximately two orders of magnitude faster than the alternatives. The paper concludes with an indication of future research to be conducted in this field.

Delays and cost increases in the construction of private residential projects in Kuwait

Time-delays and cost-increases associated with the construction of private residential projects in the State of Kuwait are determined. A person-interview survey of 450 randomly selected private residential project owners and developers in 27 representative districts in metropolitan Kuwait formed the database for the study. The socio-economic traits of the owners/developers, and the pre-construction family planning, the design, and the construction phases of the sample projects are presented. Estimates of time-delays and cost-increases are made, and their causes identified. The three main causes of time-delays included changing orders, owners' financial constraints and owners' lack of experience in the construction business. Regarding cost overruns, the three main causes were identified as contractor-related problems, material-related problems and, again, owners' financial constraints. A number of recommendations end the paper. The minimization of time delays and cost overruns in private residential projects would require: the availability of adequate funds, allocation of sufficient time and money at the design phase, and selection of a competent consultant and a reliable contractor to carry out the work.Delay, cost increase, residential projects, Kuwait,