Isolation and screening of proteolytic bacteria from freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio

The present study was undertaken to isolate and characterize the protease producing potent bacteria from gastro intestinal tract of the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio. The protease producer was characterized as Bacillus sp. morphologically and biochemically. The optimization studies for growth and proteases production of the isolate Bacillus sp. was carried out. The optimum temperature for the isolated Bacillus sp. was 350C but the optimum temperature for the protease production was 450C, the optimum pH was 7.0 in which the isolate produced 18 mMol/ml and showed a remarkable number of Colony Forming Unit. Hence, it was focused to study the intestinal Bacillus sp. in freshwater fish and its protease enzyme.&nbsp

A Purely Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Carica papaya, Manihot esculenta and Morinda citrifolia: Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluations.

Green procedure for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is currently considered due to its economy and toxic-free effects. Several existing works on synthesizing AgNPs using leaves extract still involve the use of physical or mechanical treatment such as heating or stirring, which consume a lot of energy. To extend and explore the green extraction philosophy, we report here the synthesis and antibacterial evaluations of a purely green procedure to synthesize AgNPs using Carica papaya, Manihot esculenta, and Morinda citrifolia leaves extract without the aforementioned additional treatment. The produced AgNPs were characterized using the ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and antibacterial investigations. For antibacterial tests, two bacteria namely Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus were selected. The presently employed method has successfully produced spherical AgNPs having sizes ranging from 9 to 69 nm, with plasmonic characteristics ranging from 356 to 485 nm, and energy-dispersive X-ray peak at approximately 3 keV. In addition, the smallest particles can be produced when Manihot esculenta leaves extract was applied. Moreover, this study also confirmed that both the leaves and synthesized AgNPs exhibit the antibacterial capability, depending on their concentration and the bacteria type