Numerical Study on Uniaxial Compression Behavior of Geobags

Geobags have been used as coastal erosion control and flood preventing measures during the last decades. More recently engineers have used geobags to improve the bearing capacity of soft soils. In this paper, a study was performed to investigate the behavior of geobags under compression loadings utilizing a finite element computer software. The numerical modeling was verified by simulating reported laboratory compression test results. The effects of various parameters such as geobag's dimensions, mechanical characteristics of filling soil and bag material properties on the ultimate bearing capacity of geobags were investigated. It was shown that increasing the friction angle of filling soil and the tensile strength of textile lead to an increase in the geobag ultimate compressive load capacity. On the other hand, an increase in dilation angle of filling soil, Poisson's ratio and the height of geobag lead to a decrease in the ultimate compressive load capacity of geobags

Characteristics associated with self-esteem and body image in pregnancy [Gebelikte benlik saygisi ve beden imaji ile ilişkili özellikler]

This study was conducted to investigate characteristics associated with self-esteem and body image in pregnancy. This study has been carried out between October 2008 - February 2009 in 4 different primary health care and Obstetrics and Gynecology Service of Bahattin-Huriye Demircioglu Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Çanakkale. Data were collected from 150 pregnant women by Introductory Information Form, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Body Cathexis Scale. Data were analized by Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, t test ve Pearson Correlation analysis. A negative relationship was determined between self-esteem mean score and the mean age of marriage in pregnant women (r =-0.257, p<0.01). It was determined that there were statistically significant differences in pregnant women's self-esteem according to their educational status (KW=26.622, p=0.000), profession (KW= 13.373, p= 0.001), family type (z=-2.462, p=0.014), the age of marriage (r=-0.257, p<0.01), intermarriage status (z=-2.184, p=0.029), husband's educational status (KW=16.139, p=0.001), the nature of the relationship with her husband (KW=10.917, p=0.004). Statistically, there have been significant differences in pregnant women's body image according to their income status (KW=13.202, p<0.01), the nature of the relationship with their husband's educational status (KW=6.295, p<0.05), negative change in sexual life (t=-4.688, p<0.01), the request to birth type (z=-2.245, p<0.05). According to the results obtained, pregnant women who describe themselves as both they and their husbands have low level of education, living in large families, the age of marriage is low, having intermarriage and having bad relations with their husbands have lower self-esteem. The body image of pregnant women having low-income, describing relations with their husbands are bad, indicating a negative change in their sexual lives and wanting cesarean section are more negative