Reactive power considerations in reliability analysis of solar photovoltaic systems

Reliability is one of the key aspects of power system operation and therefore reliability analysis techniques are well developed. However reliability analysis conventionally takes into account active power and limited attention has been given to reactive power. Reactive power is very essential in maintaining voltage stability of power systems. The voltage constraint at network can restricts active power delivery to the loads and could result in forced load curtailment. This research investigates the effect of reactive power shortage on reliability of power systems with significant penetration of PV cells. The reactive power issues become more significant in distributed generation using renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) Cells, which operate mostly at unity power factor. The IEEE 14-Bus system is utilized to perform this study. Twenty four state PV generation model was developed based on 24-hour solar radiation trend. Reliability indices are calculated analytically and verified through simulation without considering reactive power shortage. Next, a measure of Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) on account of reactive power shortage and voltage violation in network is calculated. Monte Carlo simulation was performed in MATLAB environment, where simulation results are compared with the case without taking into account reactive power and voltage violation. This research suggests that placement of the PV in the network can greatly reduce active and reactive power shortage during the contingencies. The reactive power is studied here from design and planning perspectives for reliable and stable power system operation when high penetrations of PV energy sources are present

Study of cases of rupture uterus in a tertiary institute and its maternal and perinatal outcome

Background: Uterine rupture is undoubtedly one of the most tragic events that can occur in a women’s life and tragedy becomes more grim when she is young. In India, in advanced cities the incidence of rupture preceded by obstructed labour is decreasing, in rural parts where there is inadequate care, lack of communication and transport, home deliveries by untrained dais incidence of rupture uterus is still high. So, the study is to evaluate the etiological factors, incidence, management modalities and maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 46 cases of rupture uterus and maternal and Perinatal outcome, in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in government tertiary reference center.Results: Overall incidence of uterine rupture is 1 in 924. Out of 46 cases 07 (15.22%) were booked, and 39 (84.78%) were referred patients. The 20-30 years age group is the most vulnerable age group. Out of 44 rupture uterus during labor, 13 (22.72%) were spontaneous of intact uterus and 31(70.45%) were in scarred uterus. Subtotal abdominal hysterectomy was commonest modality of treatment used (28 out of 46 cases), followed by suturing of tear. There were 5 maternal deaths out of 46 patients, giving maternal mortality rate of 13.51%. Perinatal mortality rate still on higher side was 76.08%.Conclusions: Most cases of rupture uterus are preventable with good antenatal and intra-partum care. Our study shows that there has been a decline in the overall morbidity in cases of rupture uterus and so also the mortality rate (decreased from 24.3 to 13.51%)

String Fluid Cosmological Model with Magnetic Field in Bimetric Theory of Gravitation

In this paper, LRS Bianchi type I string fluid cosmological model with magnetic field in bimetric theory of gravitation is investigated by assuming barotropic equation of state for pressure and density and assuming the bulk viscosity to be inversely proportional to the scalar expansion. The source of energy momentum tensor is a bulk viscous fluid containing one dimensional string with electromagnetic field. The physical and geometrical properties of the model are discussed. The bulk viscosity affected the whole properties of the model

Non-Inflationary Bianchi Type VI0 Model in Rosen’s Bimetric Gravity

In this paper, we have present the solution of Bianchi type VI0 space-time by solving the Rosen’s field equations with massless scalar field φ and with constant scalar potential V(φ) for flat region. It is observed that the scalar field φ is an increasing function of time and affects the physical parameters of the model and leads to non-inflationary type solution of model, which contradicts the inflationary scenario. Other geometrical and physical properties of the model in relation to this non-inflationary model are also studied

Image Processing Technique for Hard Exudates Detection for diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy(DR) is a diabetic eye diseases which is referred as combination of various eye problems. These Problems are faced as a complication of diabetes by people, who are suffering from it. Prolongation of DR may result in permanent blindness. To avoid this, Detection of DR in an automated way at early stage is recommended. Hard Exudates are one of the primary abnormalities that can be seen in DR. In this paper, we have given various Image Processing Techniques that can be used for automated detection of Hard Exudates. We have evaluated the outcomes by using ground truth of the test images and the use of image databases in the particular digital algorithm for detection of Hard Exudates. Accuracy, sensitivity and Specificity are few of the parameters which are used for the concluding the better method for digital Processing DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.16047

Synthesis of conducting polymer Polypyrrole-MoO3 nanocomposites

Polypyrrole was synthesized using ferric chloride (FeCl3) as oxidant, the ratio of monomer and oxidant was 1:2.4. The polymerization was carried out at 5ºC.  Molybdenum oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using citric acid as capping agents by sol-gel method. Ppy- MoO3 nanocomposites was prepared by mixing of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles and Ppy, and were characterized by using FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDS and TEM analysis techniques

Design and Analysis of Antiroll Bars for Automotive Application

Anti-roll bar, stabilizer or sway bar, is a rod or tube, usually made of steel, that connects the left and right wheels members together to resist roll or swaying of the vehicle which occurs during cornering or due to road irregularities. An anti-roll bar improves the handling of a vehicle by increasing stability during cornering or evasive manoeuvres. The bar's tensional stiffness (resistance to twist) determines its ability to reduce body roll, and is named as “shear stress or Rolling Stiffness”. More vehicles have front anti-roll bars. Anti-roll bars at both the front and the rear wheels can reduce roll further. The other function of anti-roll bars is to tune the handling balance of a car. Under steer or overseer behaviour can be tuned out by changing the proportion of the total rolling stiffness that comes from the front and rear axles. The stabilizer bars contribute thus considerably to the improvement of comfort of the motor vehicles

Conservative management of traumatic brachial plexus injury: a case report

Brachial plexus injury (BPI) is one of the devastating conditions for patients, which has a negative impact on patients' quality of life. It renders patients with an inability to achieve functional independence. With advancements in surgeries and rehabilitation, improvement in these domains is possible. This case report describes the rehabilitation of a 28-year-old male patient. Being a driver by occupation and the only earning member in the family, upper limb function was essential for functional independence and resume work. After examination, problems were identified, goals were set, and intervention was planned. The patient took 2 months of inpatient rehabilitation six days a week. After completion of treatment, the patient was independent in basic and instrumental activities of daily living. The study concludes that structured, evidence-based physiotherapy treatment is effective in achieving functional independence and reducing disability in patients with traumatic BPI

Effect of Piper nigrum (Linn.) seeds extract and second line anti-tuberculosis drugs on a few Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains

Piper nigrum (Linn.) belonging to the family Piperaceae have been reported for its multitudinous medicinal values. The present study was undertaken to examine the direct effect of Ethionamide (ETH), Para amino salicylic acid (PAS), ethanolic extracts of P. nigrum on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strain H37Rv and Multi drug-resistant (MDR)-strains-12, 19 and 21. The proportion method was used to detect the anti-mycobacterial drug susceptibility testing for mycobacteria using Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium. It was found that P. nigrum does not interfere with single or in the combination of both ETH and PAS showing the bioenhancer activity. In vitro study of ethanolic extract of P. nigrum observed that the extract inhibited the growth of H37Rv strains and MDR strains-12, MDR strains 19, and MDR strains 21. The present results will pave new avenues to find a new medicine that possesses P. nigrum alone or in combination with drugs to combat MDR-strains controlling tuberculosis

Takayasu’s arteritis in pregnancy

We had the opportunity to manage a pregnant lady who presented for the first time at 34 weeks of amenorrhea with absent pulses in upper limbs on examination. She underwent Magnetic Resonance Angiography to confirm the diagnosis of Takayasu’s arteritis. Luckily she did not have complications of Takayasu’s such as hypertension, cardiac failure, neurological symptoms, visual disturbances. She proceeded to have a normal vaginal delivery after aggressive management which included a multidisciplinary team involving obstetrician, cardiologist, physician and rheumatologist