Cell cycle and aging, morphogenesis, and response to stimuli genes are individualized biomarkers of glioblastoma progression and survival

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Glioblastoma is a complex multifactorial disorder that has swift and devastating consequences. Few genes have been consistently identified as prognostic biomarkers of glioblastoma survival. The goal of this study was to identify general and clinical-dependent biomarker genes and biological processes of three complementary events: lifetime, overall and progression-free glioblastoma survival.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A novel analytical strategy was developed to identify general associations between the biomarkers and glioblastoma, and associations that depend on cohort groups, such as race, gender, and therapy. Gene network inference, cross-validation and functional analyses further supported the identified biomarkers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 61, 47 and 60 gene expression profiles were significantly associated with lifetime, overall, and progression-free survival, respectively. The vast majority of these genes have been previously reported to be associated with glioblastoma (35, 24, and 35 genes, respectively) or with other cancers (10, 19, and 15 genes, respectively) and the rest (16, 4, and 10 genes, respectively) are novel associations. <it>Pik3r1</it>, <it>E2f3, Akr1c3</it>, <it>Csf1</it>, <it>Jag2</it>, <it>Plcg1</it>, <it>Rpl37a</it>, <it>Sod2</it>, <it>Topors</it>, <it>Hras</it>, <it>Mdm2, Camk2g</it>, <it>Fstl1</it>, <it>Il13ra1</it>, <it>Mtap </it>and <it>Tp53 </it>were associated with multiple survival events.</p> <p>Most genes (from 90 to 96%) were associated with survival in a general or cohort-independent manner and thus the same trend is observed across all clinical levels studied. The most extreme associations between profiles and survival were observed for <it>Syne1</it>, <it>Pdcd4</it>, <it>Ighg1</it>, <it>Tgfa</it>, <it>Pla2g7</it>, and <it>Paics</it>. Several genes were found to have a cohort-dependent association with survival and these associations are the basis for individualized prognostic and gene-based therapies. <it>C2</it>, <it>Egfr</it>, <it>Prkcb</it>, <it>Igf2bp3</it>, and <it>Gdf10 </it>had gender-dependent associations; <it>Sox10</it>, <it>Rps20</it>, <it>Rab31</it>, and <it>Vav3 </it>had race-dependent associations; <it>Chi3l1</it>, <it>Prkcb</it>, <it>Polr2d</it>, and <it>Apool </it>had therapy-dependent associations. Biological processes associated glioblastoma survival included morphogenesis, cell cycle, aging, response to stimuli, and programmed cell death.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Known biomarkers of glioblastoma survival were confirmed, and new general and clinical-dependent gene profiles were uncovered. The comparison of biomarkers across glioblastoma phases and functional analyses offered insights into the role of genes. These findings support the development of more accurate and personalized prognostic tools and gene-based therapies that improve the survival and quality of life of individuals afflicted by glioblastoma multiforme.</p

Evolution du complexe parasitaire constitue par Rhizoctonia cerealis Van der Hoeven et Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton, champignons parasites de la base des tiges de cereales

National audienceIn France, among the pathogens causing foot rot of cereals, P. herpotrichoides has always been the most important. During recent years, however, R. cerealis has become increasingly important. In the presence of both pathogens, P. herpotrichoides was the predominant pathogen in untreated plots. After a carbendazim treatment, the frequency of eyespot symptoms decreased considerably, while that of sharp eyespot remained at the same level or increased. In vitro, mean ED 50 values for carbendazim were 1.9 μg/ml for R. cerealis and 0.06 μg/ml for P. herpotrichoides.Si le piétin-verse dû à Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides a longtemps été considéré, en France, comme la seule maladie importante de la base des tiges de céréales, le rhizoctone causé par Rhizoctonia cerealis semble aujourd’hui prendre de l’extension. Des expérimentations sur blé tendre d’hiver sont menées avec ces deux parasites en conditions contrôlées et au champ afin de suivre leur évolution simultanée. Dans les deux cas, les observations sont faites après contamination artificielle. En l’absence de traitement fongicide, la fréquence des symptômes dus à R. cerealis est moins importante quand ces deux champignons sont présents dans une même parcelle que lorsque R. cerealis s’y trouve seul. Il semblerait donc que P. herpotrichoides soit un parasite dominant. Après traitement au carbendazime, la fréquence des symptômes provoqués par P. herpotrichoides est fortement réduite, tandis que celle des symptômes dus à R. cerealis reste la même ou augmente

Evolution du complexe parasitaire constitue par Rhizoctonia cerealis Van der Hoeven et Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton, champignons parasites de la base des tiges de cereales

National audienceIn France, among the pathogens causing foot rot of cereals, P. herpotrichoides has always been the most important. During recent years, however, R. cerealis has become increasingly important. In the presence of both pathogens, P. herpotrichoides was the predominant pathogen in untreated plots. After a carbendazim treatment, the frequency of eyespot symptoms decreased considerably, while that of sharp eyespot remained at the same level or increased. In vitro, mean ED 50 values for carbendazim were 1.9 μg/ml for R. cerealis and 0.06 μg/ml for P. herpotrichoides.Si le piétin-verse dû à Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides a longtemps été considéré, en France, comme la seule maladie importante de la base des tiges de céréales, le rhizoctone causé par Rhizoctonia cerealis semble aujourd’hui prendre de l’extension. Des expérimentations sur blé tendre d’hiver sont menées avec ces deux parasites en conditions contrôlées et au champ afin de suivre leur évolution simultanée. Dans les deux cas, les observations sont faites après contamination artificielle. En l’absence de traitement fongicide, la fréquence des symptômes dus à R. cerealis est moins importante quand ces deux champignons sont présents dans une même parcelle que lorsque R. cerealis s’y trouve seul. Il semblerait donc que P. herpotrichoides soit un parasite dominant. Après traitement au carbendazime, la fréquence des symptômes provoqués par P. herpotrichoides est fortement réduite, tandis que celle des symptômes dus à R. cerealis reste la même ou augmente

Evolution du complexe parasitaire constitue par Rhizoctonia cerealis Van der Hoeven et Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton, champignons parasites de la base des tiges de cereales

National audienceIn France, among the pathogens causing foot rot of cereals, P. herpotrichoides has always been the most important. During recent years, however, R. cerealis has become increasingly important. In the presence of both pathogens, P. herpotrichoides was the predominant pathogen in untreated plots. After a carbendazim treatment, the frequency of eyespot symptoms decreased considerably, while that of sharp eyespot remained at the same level or increased. In vitro, mean ED 50 values for carbendazim were 1.9 μg/ml for R. cerealis and 0.06 μg/ml for P. herpotrichoides.Si le piétin-verse dû à Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides a longtemps été considéré, en France, comme la seule maladie importante de la base des tiges de céréales, le rhizoctone causé par Rhizoctonia cerealis semble aujourd’hui prendre de l’extension. Des expérimentations sur blé tendre d’hiver sont menées avec ces deux parasites en conditions contrôlées et au champ afin de suivre leur évolution simultanée. Dans les deux cas, les observations sont faites après contamination artificielle. En l’absence de traitement fongicide, la fréquence des symptômes dus à R. cerealis est moins importante quand ces deux champignons sont présents dans une même parcelle que lorsque R. cerealis s’y trouve seul. Il semblerait donc que P. herpotrichoides soit un parasite dominant. Après traitement au carbendazime, la fréquence des symptômes provoqués par P. herpotrichoides est fortement réduite, tandis que celle des symptômes dus à R. cerealis reste la même ou augmente

Posterior mandibular widening secondary to advancement sagittal split osteotomy: A retrospective study

International audienc

World-wide Relative Contribution of Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In order to assess the relative contribution of HBV and HCV to HCC worldwide, and identify changes over time, we conducted a systematic review of case series published up to the year 2014. Eligible studies had to report seroprevalence of both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HCV (anti‐HCV), alone and in combination, for at least 20 adult HCC cases. Studies using a first‐generation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay test for HCV were excluded. A total of 119,000 HCC cases in 260 studies were included from 50 countries. Most European and American countries show a preponderance of HCV over HBV and a substantial fraction of viral marker–negative cases. Asian and African countries generally show a predominance of HBV. The fraction of HCV‐positive HCC cases is substantial in Taiwan, Mongolia, Japan, and Pakistan as well as in Western‐Central Asia and Northern Africa. No eligible studies were available in Oceania, large parts of Africa, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia. The United States, Brazil, and Germany show evidence of higher prevalence of HCV in HCC since the year 2000. Conversely, Japan and Italy show a decline in the proportion of HCV‐positive HCC. Conclusion: HBV and HCV are predominant causes of HCC in virtually all world areas, with a growing fraction of HCC cases in several countries attributable to HCV. (Hepatology 2015;62:1190‐1200