Effect of Pretreatment on the Enhancement of Biodegradation of Olive Mill Effluent for Treatment in an Anaerobic Cross-Flow Filter Reactor

In this study, various chemical and advanced oxidation processes were tested for enhancement of anaerobic biodegradation of olive mill effluent (OME). The experiments were carried out in a 20 L lab-scale ACF reactor packed with cross-flow filter material made of water-resistant cardboard with a specific surface area of ~300 m2 m–3. The ACF reactor was operated at chosen OLR conditions and fed with different pre-treated OME samples for 240 days (717 days in total). All pretreatment options used in this study improved the anaerobic biological degradation in terms of COD, phenolics and color removal efficiencies. Best effluent quality (5700±250 mg COD per liter) was obtained by using the Fenton process as a pre-treatment. This effluent value is still higher than the official discharge limit for COD (4000 mg COD per liter) in Turkey. Therefore, additional final treatment (e.g. membrane filtration) may be required before discharging into the sewer line

Defluoridation in drinking waters

Although water supplies containing excessive amount of fluoride are generally very rare worldwide, there are locations in Turkey where drinking water contains very high fluoride concentrations. Especially in the middle and eastern part of Turkey, some mineral and drinking waters contain very high fluoride concentrations. It is a well known fact that drinking water exceeding the critical fluoride concentration (1 mg F-/L) may cause serious dental and skeletal damages

Defluoridation in drinking waters

Although water supplies containing excessive amount of fluoride are generally very rare worldwide, there are locations in Turkey where drinking water contains very high fluoride concentrations. Especially in the middle and eastern part of Turkey, some mineral and drinking waters contain very high fluoride concentrations. It is a well known fact that drinking water exceeding the critical fluoride concentration (1 mg F-/L) may cause serious dental and skeletal damages. In this study, various techniques were evaluated to find the most suitable solution for defluoridation for these regions, which have high concentrations of fluoride in their water supplies. For this purpose, various chemical agents including locally produced alumina were investigated. Locally produced alumina gave promising and economically sound results in terms of defluoridation capacity and availability. Although water supplies containing excessive amount of fluoride are generally very rare worldwide, there are locations in Turkey where drinking water contains very high fluoride concentrations. Especially in the middle and eastern part of Turkey, some mineral and drinking waters contain very high fluoride concentrations. It is a well known fact that drinking water exceeding the critical fluoride concentration (1 mg F-/L) may cause serious dental and skeletal damages. In this study, various techniques were evaluated to find the most suitable solution for defluoridation for these regions, which have high concentrations of fluoride in their water supplies. For this purpose, various chemical agents including locally produced alumina were investigated. Locally produced alumina gave promising and economically sound results in terms of defluoridation capacity and availability