Current status of cosmological MDM model

An analysis of cosmological models in spatially flat Friedmann Universe with cosmic gravitational wave background and zero $\Lambda$-term is presented. The number of free parameters is equal to 5, they are $\sigma_8$, $n$, $\Omega_\nu$, $\Omega_b$, and $h$. The normalization of the spectrum of density perturbations on galaxy cluster abundance ($\sigma_8 = 0.52\pm 0.04$) has been used to calculate numerically the value of the large scale CMB anisotropy ($\ell\simeq 10$) and the relative contribution of cosmological gravitational waves T/S. Increasing $\Omega_\nu$ weaken the requirements to the value of T/S, however even for $\Omega_\nu\le 0.4$ the models with $h+n\ge 1.5$ suggest considerable abundance of gravitational waves: T/S${}^>_\sim 0.3$. In models with $\Omega_\nu\le 0.4$ and scale-invariant spectrum of density perturbations ($n=1$): T/S${}^>_\sim 10(h-0.47)$. Minimization of the value T/S is possible only in the range of the red spectra ($n<1$) and small $h$ ($<0.6$). It is shown that the models with T/S$\in [0, 3]$ admit both moderate red and blue spectra of density perturbations, $n\in[0.9,1.2]$, with rather high abundance hot dark matter, $\Omega_\nu\in [0.2,0.4]$. Any condition, $n<0.9$ or $\Omega_\nu<0.2$, decreases the relative amplitude of the first acoustic peak for more than 30% in comparison with its hight in the standard CDM normalized by COBE data.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures included; contribution to the Proceedings of Moriond 2000 "Energy Densities in the Universe", Les Arcs, France, January 22-29 200

Missionary Activity in Nizhny Novgorod Diocese in 1906-1916

The purpose of this article is to analyze the activity of the internal Nizhny Novgorod mission of the brotherhood of the Holy Cross from 1906 to 1916. Significance of the “Decree on religious tolerance development” of 1905 is commented. On the one hand, it put the Nizhny Novgorod diocesan leadership in more complex conditions of missionary work, and on the other, contributed to the emergence of new forms of activity: missionary courses of national importance, free distribution of leaflets and pamphlets of religious and moral content, groups of adherents of Orthodoxy. It is noted that due to the pastors’ busyness such groups have not been established in all parishes. It is reported that the local missionary magazine was not organized. It is emphasized that fair conversations due to the rare participation of the old believers-dogmatists were aimed at the protection of the Orthodox state Church from the influence of “the split.” It is shown that anti-old believers mission of the brotherhood of the Holy Cross had a shortage of leadership capacity, having a spiritual and missionary formation. Data on reports of the brotherhood are provided, according to which the number of people attached to the state Church exceeded the number of old believers, and the main threat was the spread of sectarian and atheistic ideas. The author argues that the devaluation of traditional spiritual concepts after the defeat in the first world war led to a cooling of the peasants to religious questions

Missionary Brotherhood of the Holy Cross in Nizhny Novgorod Diocese in 1875-1916

The history of the formation and development of the missionary brotherhood of the Holy cross in Nizhny Novgorod is presented. Attention is paid to the issues of organization, formation of the budget of the brotherhood and its branches, problems of organization and work of these institutions. In the analysis it was found out that for more than forty-year term functioning the brotherhood of the Holy cross had significantly expanded the scope of its activities, covering all the deanery districts of the diocese with its branches, attracting new forces to its ranks. It is noted that by 1913 the budget of the brotherhood had increased 10 times. It is reported that the brotherly library had increased. The author emphasizes that for a quarter of a century the process of drawing up the uniform rules of the organization of the branches of the brotherhood had been delayed; among them there were those that functioned at the expense of the enthusiasm of individual priests or secular zealots of the faith. It is concluded that the appearance in 1902 of the General Charter of the branches brought order, uniformity in their organization and created the basis for providing them with funds. It is shown that the main missionary load lay on the clergy, but in the work of the brotherhood the secular persons of the peasants also showed activity. The lack of finance had not allowed to implement some ideas: to open a charitable institution, to issue regular missionary magazine, etc

Union of Nizhny Novgorod Teachers of Religion: Creation and Activity (1902-1918)

The activity of the first in Russia teachers of religion union of secondary educational institutions of Nizhny Novgorod (since 1915 - all Nizhny Novgorod teachers of religion) is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the revival of religious education in the modern school. The novelty of the study is that for the first time a generalized analysis of the work of the union, designed to rally the teachers of the “Law of God”, is presented, to facilitate the exchange of experience in order to increase the educational value of the course in the context of expanding secularization of public consciousness. It is concluded that the union carried out important work on the analysis of spiritual literature, textbooks, curricula, and sample lessons. It is shown that the lack of power and authority of the union deprived it of the opportunity to influence the choice of new teachers of religion and deputies for exams on the course “God’s Law”, limited its importance in solving the problems of religious and moral education of students. The author has come to the conclusion that the union, becoming an example for other cities, played a role in understanding the teaching theory and practice for harmonizing and optimizing the work of teachers of religion. It was established that in 1917-1918 the union took measures to preserve the institution of teaching of religion at school

“Parish Revolution” of 1917 in Nizhny Novgorod Diocese

The manifestations of the “church revolution” at the parish level in the Nizhny Novgorod diocese in the spring and summer of 1917 are considered. The novelty of the study lies in the research of the “parish revolution” at the local level based on the analysis of unpublished documents of the Nizhny Novgorod Spiritual Consistory, the provincial commissioner, etc., introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The author singled out the following manifestations of the “revolution” in the Nizhny Novgorod parishes: the unauthorized setting of prices by the peasants for the fulfillment of the requirements, the refusal to pay diocesan taxes, the robbery of church cash desks, the protests of parishioners against some priests, the arrests, robberies and expulsions of objectionable pastors, conflicts between the higher and lower clergy, the seizure peasants of church lands. The author comes to the conclusion that the cases in which priests became victims of arbitrariness, nevertheless, were not widespread in the diocese. It is shown that the diocesan and local secular authorities could not cope with the manifestations of the “parish revolution”. It is concluded that the “parochial revolution” caused some material damage to the diocese, aggravated the financial situation of some of the clergy, undermined the authority of the spiritual authorities, and increased the contradictions between the higher and lower clergy