76,981 research outputs found
R&D for a Dedicated Fast Timing Layer in the CMS Endcap Upgrade
The PhaseII Upgrades of CMS are being planned for the High Luminosity LHC
(HL-LHC) era when the mean number of interactions per beam crossing ("in-time
pileup") is expected to reach ~140-200. The potential backgrounds arising from
mis-associated jets and photon showers, for example, during event
reconstruction could be reduced if physics objects are tagged with an "event
time". This tag is fully complementary to the "event vertex" which is already
commonly used to reduce mis-reconstruction. Since the tracking vertex
resolution is typically ~10^{-3} (50 micron/4.8cm) of the rms vertex
distribution, whereas only ~10^{-1} (i.e. 20 vs.170 picoseconds (psec)) is
demonstrated for timing, it is often assumed that only photon (i.e. EM
calorimeter or shower-max) timing is of interest. We show that the optimal
solution will likely be a single timing layer which measures both charged
particle and photon time (a pre-shower layer).Comment: Proceedings of the 2014 Workshop on Picosecond Photon Sensors for
Physics and Medical Applications, Clermont Ferrand. 9 pages, 4 figure
Diffraction Dissociation - 50 Years Later
The field of Diffraction Dissociation, which is the subject of this workshop,
began 50 years ago with the analysis of deuteron stripping in low energy
collisions with nuclei. We return to the subject in a modern context- deuteron
dissociation in GeV d-Au collisions recorded during the
2003 RHIC run in the PHENIX experiment. At RHIC energy, dn+p proceeds
predominantly (90%) through Electromagnetic Dissociation and the remaining
fraction via the hadronic shadowing described by Glauber. Since the
dissociation cross section has a small theoretical error we adopt this process
to normalize other cross sections measured in RHIC.Comment: Submitted to: Proceedings of DIS05 conference, Diffraction and Vector
Meson Working Group. 5 pages,2 figure
Anticipating the Stock Market Crash of 1929: The View from the Floor of the Stock Exchange
In the months prior to the stock market crash of 1929, the price of a seat on the New York Stock Exchange was abnormally low. Rising stock prices and volume should have driven up seat prices during the boom of 1929; instead there were negative cumulative abnormal returns to seats of approximately 20 percent in the months just before the crash. At the same time, trading nearly ceased in the thin markets for seats on the regional exchanges. Brokers appear thus to have anticipated the October 1929 crash, although investors in the market apparently did not recognize this information.
Were banks special intermediaries in late nineteenth century America?
Banks and banking - History
California Banking in the Nineteenth Century: The Art and Method of the Bank of A. Levy
An 1890s loan book of the Bank A. Levy permits a detailed examination of the lending operations of a private bank in California during the National Banking Era (1864-1914). This period has been intensively analyzed at the macroeconomic level, but there are few microeconomic studies of banks. This unregulated bank was well integrated into national money markets and lent to a broad cross section of the community. Although the bank appeared to adhere to the real bills doctrine, it provided medium term uncollateralized financing to business. The bank priced risk carefully, offering rates equal to the lowest in the country to its best customers while charging extraordinarily high rates to borrowers deemed risky. In the absence of modern accounting, close scrutiny of borrowers' businesses and personal lives overcame the asymmetry of information between borrower and lender, enabling the bank to fulfill a special intermediary role.
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