Dental conditions in rheumatic diseases.

Objectives. Review oral manifestations of rheumatic diseases since these can be a diagnostic challenge.Procedures. We performed a PubMed search using terms of rheumatic diseases, autoimmune disease and oral manifestations and also reviewed related guidelines and classifications.Results. We describe the clinical presentations of rheumatic diseases, such as scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, Systemic lupus erythematosus and others that present specific oral manifestations. We also review the association between periodontal disease and autoimmunity that has been recently described in the literature.Conclusions. The oral manifestations of rheumatic diseases are diverse and can represent a challenge for medical and dental professionals

Subchronic Infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia Stimulates an Immune Response but Not Arthritis in Experimental Murine Model

Studies have proposed that Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) promote a nonspecific inflammatory response that could produce systemic disease. Oral inoculation of Pg and Tf on the immune and arthritis response was evaluated in BALB/C mice divided into four groups: (1) sham; (2) food contaminated with Pg/Tf ; (3) complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) + Pg/Tf ; and (4) CFA alone. CFA was administered subcutaneously on days 1 and 14. The arthritis response was monitored for 21 days after day 14 of CFA administration. IL-

Epidermal growth factor enhances osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in vitro

Introduction: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) play an important role in extracellular matrix mineralization, a complex process required for proper bone regeneration, one of the biggest challenges in dentistry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic potential of EGF and bFGF on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Material and methods: Human DPSCs were isolated using CD105 magnetic microbeads and characterized by flow cytometry. To induce osteoblast differentiation, the cells were cultured in osteogenic medium supplemented with EGF or bFGF at a low concentration. Cell morphology and expression of CD146 and CD10 surface markers were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy. To measure mineralization, an alizarin red S assay was performed and typical markers of osteoblastic phenotype were evaluated by RT-PCR. Results: EGF treatment induced morphological changes and suppression of CD146 and CD10 markers. Additionally, the cells were capable of producing calcium deposits and increasing the mRNA expression to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) in relation to control groups (p < 0.001). However, bFGF treatment showed an inhibitory effect. Conclusion: These data suggests that DPSCs in combination with EGF could be an effective stem cell-based therapy for bone tissue engineering applications in periodontics and oral implantology

Antimicrobial Effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on Cariogenic Bacteria Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans,and Periodontal Diseases Actinomyces naeslundii and Tannerella forsythia

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are well known for their beneficial effects on human health in the intestine and immune system; however, there are few studies on the impact they can generate in oral health. The aim of this study was to test and compare in vitro antimicrobial activity of L. reuteri on pathogenic bacteria involved in the formation of dental caries: S. mutans, S. gordonii, and periodontal disease: A. naeslundii and T. forsythia. Also, we determined the growth kinetics of each bacterium involved in this study. Before determining the antimicrobial action of L. reuteri on cariogenic bacteria and periodontal disease, the behavior and cell development time of each pathogenic bacterium were studied. Once the conditions for good cell growth of each of selected pathogens were established according to their metabolic requirements, maximum exponential growth was determined, this being the reference point for analyzing the development or inhibition by LAB using the Kirby Bauer method. Chlorhexidine 0.12 % was positive control. L. reuteri was shown to have an inhibitory effect against S. mutans, followed by T. forsythia and S. gordonii, and a less significant effect against A. naeslundii. Regarding the effect shown by L. reuteri on the two major pathogens, we consider its potential use as a possible functional food in the prevention or treatment of oral diseases

Antimicrobial Activity of a Cationic Guanidine Compound against Two Pathogenic Oral Bacteria

This study evaluated the potential antimicrobial properties of a polyguanidine (CatDex) on two oral bacteria. Chlorhexidine gluconate 134

Neolignanos de Krameria ramosissima (A.Gray) S. Watson con actividad contra Porphyromonas gingivalis, evaluación citotóxica y mutagénica

Porphyromonas gingivalis, es una de las bacterias asociadas a la enfermedad periodontal, y ha sido relacionada con lesiones coronarias, neumonía y preeclamsia. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el extracto metanólico de raíces de Krameria ramosissima contra P. gingivalis (ATCC 53978), determinar su actividad citotóxica en broblastos humanos (ATCC CRL-7222 Hs 274.T) y su potencial mutagénico mediante la prueba de Ames. Las concentraciones a evaluar fueron 500, 400, 300, 200, 150, 100, 75 y 50 μg/mL, siendo la concentración mínima inhibitoria de 300 μg/mL. Mediante cromatografía en columna se obtuvieron 14 fracciones, de las cuales la 7 y la 9 presentaron mayor actividad (P<0.05). Se identicaron por espectrometría de masas dos neolignanos en las fracciones 7 y 9 con pesos moleculares de 314 y 296 respectivamente. El extracto y las fracciones activas evaluadas a la concentración de 300 μg/mL fueron negativas en las pruebas de citotoxicidad y mutagenecidad

Dental iron precipitates in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a frequent worldwide disease. There are currently more than 46 million people who suffer this disease in North America and the Caribbean. The objective of this study was to determine if there is an association between DM and the presence of iron precipitates (Fe2+) in dental structure. The third molar was extracted for reasons that merit extraction from 40 individuals with and without DM to analyze dentin tissue. Horizontal and longitudinal slices of tooth samples were made and later stained with 10% potassium cyanoferrate. The samples were observed by optical microscope to identify basophilic elements. A nonparametric Spearman correlation was performed to find an association between the quantitative (gender, group, and dentinal tissue) and qualitative variables (gender). The Mann–Whitney U test was used to find differences in the means of the nonparametric variables in two different groups in relation to the P value (<0.05). Iron elements were found in the predentin and circumpulpal dentin areas, and the results obtained showed a statistically significant difference between dentin tissue from patients with diabetes and those without. Individuals with Type 2 DM are prone to present iron precipitates in predentin and circumpulpal dentin tissue. Few iron elements were found in dental organs of individuals without DM

Corrosión de titanio y acero quirúrgico en presencia de bacterias orales.

Los implantes dentales están diseñados para restaurar la función y la estética de una pieza dentaria faltante. El titanio posee una alta biocompatibilidad y resistencia a la corrosión. El Acero Quirúrgico 316 es útil en aplicaciones biomédicas para placas o dispositivos ortopédicos. La cavidad oral contiene una amplia carga microbiana: Streptococcus gordonii y Fusobacterium nucleatum son dos bacterias características del biofilm subgingival. La corrosión del metal puede ser un promotor significativo de la pérdida de implantes dentales y aditamentos de acero

Presencia de caries en una población indígena de Chiapas.

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha definido la caries dental como un proceso localizado de origen multifactorial que se inicia después de la erupción dentaria, determinando el reblandecimiento del tejido duro. El Sistema Internacional de detección y valoración de Caries (ICDAS) es un nuevo sistema internacional de detección y diagnóstico de caries, para la práctica clínica, la investigación y el desarrollo de programas de salud pública, es un método cualitativo para la detección de la caries, en fase temprana y que además detecta la gravedad y el nivel de actividad de la misma