Spray-dried microspheres based on methylpyrrolidinone chitosan: <i>in-vitro</i> and <i>ex-vivo</i> studies

The purpose of this work was the preparation and the study of methypyrrolidinone chitosan spray-dried microspheres for the intranasal release of metoclopramide hydrochloride (Met). Chitosan (CH) microparticles were prepared as comparison

5-methyl-pyrrolidinone chitosan films as carriers for buccal administration of proteins

The purpose of this research was to investigate 5-methyl-pyrrolidinone chitosan (MPC) films as carriers for buccal delivery of protein drugs. Placebo and protein-loaded MPC films were prepared by casting and were then cross-linked with tripolyphosphate at different pH conditions. Myoglobin (MHb) was chosen as the model protein because its molecular weight is under the permeability limit of the buccal mucosa. The observed characteristics like bioadhesiveness, swelling behavior, and in vitro release of MHb from loaded films furnish information on the functional behavior of these films. The results obtained show that the modulation of Mhb release was achieved only through chitosan cross-linking; the best results in release rate control were obtained by cross-linking performed at pH 6.5. Good bioadhesion properties were maintained even with high cross-linking degrees; the swelling index of MHb-loaded films at different cross-linking degrees evaluated at pH 7.4 and pH 6.4 were comparable to those of placebo films. By setting suitable tripolyphosphate cross-linking conditions for MPC films, one can control protein release without affecting bioadhesion