A revisit and review of experimental variables affecting chromatographic organics - polydimethylsiloxane interactions

Please refer to full text to view abstrac

A critical discussion of volatile organic compounds recovery techniques

This paper discusses 4 volatile organic compounds recovery technologies. The study focusses on the principle of operation as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each abatement technique. The four techniques discussed are absorption, adsorption, condensation and membrane separation

Perspectives on integrated waste management: a case study for 2 West Rand district municipalities, Gauteng, South Africa

This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of public awareness and participation on successful waste management and minimization practices in Mogale city Local Municipality (Mogale CLM) and Westonaria Local Municipality (WLM) in the West Rand District Municipality (WRDM), South Africa. Questionnaires were used to understand community perspectives on awareness, attitude and involvement in waste management. A critical component in any waste management program is public awareness and participation, in addition to the Municipal Systems Act legislation [1]. In addition, strong technical support and adequate funding are also key components towards effective waste management. Waste is a result of human activities and everyone requires a proper understanding of waste management issues, without which the success of even the best conceived plans becomes questionable [2]. Separation at source and the collection of recyclables separately has become a requirement with the promulgation of the Waste Act (No. 59 of 2008). This paper concludes by emphasizing public awareness in particular the consequences of improper waste management such as illegal dumping

A discussion on waste generation and management trends in South Africa

This paper, a continuation and expansion of the work of Muzenda et al, 2012 [1] looks at the management trends in South Africa. It focuses on waste classification, hierarchy, generation and management. The waste tyre problem in South Africa is also briefly discussed. Solid waste management is a growing environmental problem in developing countries such as South Africa. The increasing standard of living and economic growth results in challenges in the management of both general and hazardous waste. Landfill sites life spans have been reduced and hence the need for waste minimization, utilization and alternative disposal methods. Waste tyre management is challenge as they are non compactable and non-biodegradable. The REDISA Integrated Industry Waste Tyre Management Plan (IIWTMP) approved by Environmental Affairs Minister, Edna Molewa, and published in the Government Gazette [No. 35927] in November 2012 support and promote tyre recycling, providing the collection and depot infrastructure required to collect waste tyres from across the entire country and deliver them to approved recyclers. The objectives of this paper were achieved through a literature review and analysis

A review of polydimethylsiloxane - volatile organic compounds interactions

This paper is a review on the interactions of certain volatile organic compounds with polydimethylsiloxane using the gas liquid chromatographic technique (GLC). The interactions reviewed here were studied in the form of specific retention volumes. Only single stationary phases were considered in this review. For similar systems, the retention data agrees very well. This review has shown that the GLC is a rapid and convenient method to obtain thermodynamic data for polymeric systems. This work is very useful in the determination of phase equilibrium in form of infinite dilution activity coefficients necessary for the design of absorption and stripping columns for the abatement of volatile organic compounds from contaminated air streams

A comparative review of waste tyre pyrolysis, gasification and liquefaction (PGL) processes

This article reviews remedial waste tyre technologies as well as utilization for energy and material recovery. Application examples and scenarios are drawn from developing countries such as South Africa. Waste minimization and utilization technologies are required to address the growing waste tyre problem. Waste tyres cause a variety of environmental and health challenges as they are bulk and non-degradable. Potential solutions to address the waste tyre problem are pyrolysis, gasification and liquefaction (PGL) processes. Process conditions and potential products for each process are reviewed and discussed in this paper. An environmental impact assessment of PGL processes and potential remedial solutions are also presented. PGL processes have huge potential for business. However the success of any operation depends on several economic and environmental factors such as capital and operating costs, feed availability, permitting process and emission from these operations

On organics – polydimethylsiloxane interactions : influence of experimental variables

Please refer to full text to view abstrac

A discussion of waste tyre utilization options

This paper communicates waste tyre management and utilization routes. Waste tyres can be utilized in various rubber applications such as in engineering and construction, environmental protection and agriculture. Energy and material recovery may also be achieved through thermal and thermochemical processes such as incineration and pyrolysis, gasification and liquefaction (PGL) process respectively. The social-economic and environmental benefit analysis of each treatment option is highlighted

Bio-methane generation from organic waste : a review

Anaerobic digestion of organic waste can address both energy recovery and pollution control. A variety of agricultural, industrial and domestic wastes can be anaerobically digested as they contain easily biodegradable material. Biogas contains 50 -70% methane and 30-50% carbon dioxide as well as small a amounts of other gases with calorific value of about 21-24 MJ/m3. This paper reviews the history of biogas, biogas production stages and operating parameters. The anaerobic digestion configuration and potential substrates for biogas production are also considered

From UNIQUAC to modified UNIFAC Dortmund : a discussion

This paper reviews and discusses the universal quasi – chemical theory and group contribution methods focusing on their application in phase equilibrium modeling and computation. The historical perspective, algorithm, strength, weaknesses and limitations are presented. The paper concludes with comparison of the performance of the various UNIFAC models