A New Test for the Absorption Mechanism of GPS Radio Sources Using Polarization Properties

We consider the use of polarization properties as a means to discriminate between Synchrotron Self-Absorption (SSA) and Free--Free Absorption (FFA) in GHz-Peaked Spectrum (GPS) sources. The polarization position angle (PA) of synchrotron radiation at high frequencies for the optically thin regime is perpendicular to the magnetic field, whereas it is parallel to the magnetic field at low frequencies for the optically thick regime. Therefore, SSA produces a change in PA of $90^{\circ}$ across the spectral peak, while FFA does not result in such a change. We analyzed polarization data from VLA observations for six GPS sources to see if such a change in PA was present. Our results indicate that there is no significant evidence for $90^{\circ}$ change in PA across the spectral peak, suggesting that FFA is more likely than SSA for low-frequency cutoffs in these sources

A case of iridoschisis associated with lens displacement into the vitreous cavity

We report the case of a 67-year-old woman with a lens that was displaced into the vitreous cavity in one eye and ipsilateral iridoschisis. She was free from a history of ocular trauma or of heritable ocular disease. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 1.2 bilaterally and right eye showed signs of iridoschisis. The corneal endothelial cell density decreased to 1,263 cells/mm2 in the right eye preoperatively. We speculated that iris tissue flowing in the anterior chamber might have intermittently touched the corneal endothelium. 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy and lens removal were performed immediately. Free-floating iris tissue was cut during surgery with care not to injure the corneal endothelial cells. The postoperative progress was satisfactory and scleral fixation of an intraocular lens is planned. Iridoschisis is an uncommon cause of lens displacement into the vitreous cavity

Scleral fixation of foldable acrylic intraocular lenses in aphakic post-vitrectomy eyes

Tetsuya Mutoh, Yukihiro Matsumoto, Makoto ChikudaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya, Saitama, JapanPurpose: To evaluate the outcome for scleral fixation of a foldable acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) in aphakic post-pars plana vitrectomy eyes for vitreoretinal disease.Methods: The medical records of 15 patients were reviewed. We evaluated such factors as the underlying vitreoretinal disease, preoperative expected refraction and postoperative actual refraction, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal endothelial cell density, and intraoperative and postoperative complications.Results: The most common cause of underlying vitreoretinal disease was retinal detachment, which was found in 8 cases. The mean refractive error was -0.10 diopters (D). The mean minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) values of BCVA were 0.27 preoperatively and 0.14 postoperatively. The mean corneal endothelial cell density was 2400 cells/mm2 preoperatively and 2187 cells/mm2 postoperatively. No significant differences were observed in either the logMAR values of BCVA or the corneal endothelial cell density before and after surgery. No intraoperative complications occurred in any of the patients. Postoperative complications occurred in a total of 7 eyes, and the most severe complications comprised 4 cases of transient ocular hypertension.Conclusion: The results for the scleral fixation of foldable acrylic IOLs were good in aphakic post-vitrectomy eyes.Keywords: scleral fixation, intraocular lens, aphakic post-pars plana vitrectomy eyes, severe vitreoretinal diseas

Case of bilateral complete posterior dislocation of lens caused by elder abuse

We report a case of bilateral complete dislocation of lenses into the vitreous cavities due to elder abuse in a patient with senile dementia. According to the patient’s son, bilateral complete lens dislocation occurred after he hit his father in the head with socks in order to control his violent behavior. Although the patient was taken to our ophthalmological ward for a planned vitrectomy, restlessness and inability to remain in his room during the night led to his leaving the hospital. The patient has not returned but did receive a vitrectomy at another clinic. While the number of patients with senile dementia has dramatically increased, no specific remedy is currently available. When treating medical concerns of seniors with unknown backgrounds, elder abuse needs to be considered as a potential cause of such injuries

Photorefractive keratectomy: measuring the matrix metalloproteinase activity and chondroitin sulfate concentration in tear fluid

We herein report the case of a 20-year-old man who underwent a photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). We measured matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity and chondroitin 4 sulfate and chondroitin 6 sulfate concentrations in tear fluid. Tear fluid was collected pre-operatively via microcapillary tube, and was collected postoperatively on the first and fourth days, and after one week, one month, three months, and six months. Samples were formulated by dilution with 200 μL of saline. MMP-9 activity was analyzed by an enzyme immunocapture activity assay, and the concentrations of chondroitin sulfate were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No complications were observed after surgery, except for a minimal subepithelial haze. Although MMP-9 activity changed on the fourth postoperative day, the activity changed only minimally at this time. Chondroitin 4 sulfate concentrations in tear fluid increased dramatically from one week to one month, decreased transiently at three months, and increased by six months. The chondroitin 6 sulfate concentration did not normalize within one week, and decreased from one week to three months compared with the preoperative score, and was close to the preoperative score at six months. We conclude that corneal wound healing was still incomplete six months after PRK, and chondroitin 4 sulfate appears to be critical in this process

A Helical Magnetic Field in the Jet of 3C 273

Both in the Faraday Rotation Measure and the intrinsic polarization angle, new features are revealed to indicate a helical magnetic field operating along the jet of the bright active galactic nuclei 3C 273. The helical field has been suggested to be related to the formation and collimation of jets by magnetohydrodynamic models. The distribution of the RM shows a systematic gradient with respect to the jet axis, which is expected by a helical magnetic field. In addition, the helical field can consistently explain two types in the direction of the projected magnetic field: parallel and perpendicular to the jet axis. Further, if the helical magnetic field is generated by winding up of an initial field by rotation of the accretion disk, we can uniquely determine the direction of the disk rotation, since the jet is approaching us.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, PASJ Letters in pres

Retrospective comparison of clinical and angiographic outcomes after primary stenting using sirolimus-eluting and bare-metal stents in nonrandomized consecutive 568 patients with first ST-segment elevated myocardial infarctions

SummaryBackground and purposeThe long-term safety and efficacy of primary stenting using drug-eluting stents (DES) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are not fully understood in Japan. Therefore, we retrospectively examined the midterm clinical and angiographic outcomes in STEMI patients after primary stenting using sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) in a clinical setting through a historical comparison with those of bare-metal stents (BMS).Methods and resultsThe study design was a retrospective, nonrandomized, and single-center study. The clinical outcomes for 568 consecutive patients who presented within 12h of their first STEMI and who were treated with BMS (n=198; 184 STEMIs from June 2003 to August 2004 and 14 STEMIs from September 2004 to May 2007) or SES (n=370; from August 2004 to May 2007) at our medical center in Japan were retrospectively investigated in February 2010. The incidence of post-discharge events (comprising cardiac death and nonfatal recurrent MI) after SES placement (3.9%) was not significantly different from that after BMS placement (6.7%). SES was not related to the risk of post-discharge events (mean follow-up for SES, 1327±415 days; BMS, 1818±681 days) (hazard ratio of 0.369 at 95% CI, 0.119–1.147, p=0.085). The incidence of definite stent thromboses after SES placement (0.54%) was not significantly higher than that after BMS placement (0%). The incidence of binary in-stent restenosis (% diameter stenosis of more than 50% at secondary angiography) after SES placement (8.3%) was significantly lower than that after BMS placement (25.7%; p<0.001).ConclusionsFrom the present historical comparison of SES and BMS, we conclude that primary stenting using SES in a clinical setting has favorable clinical and angiographic outcomes in Japanese STEMI patients

ハクナイショウ ガラス タイ ドウジ シュジュツ ニヨリ ショウジタ モウマクコウ ショウガイ ト カンガエラレタ 1レイ

白内障硝子体同時手術により生じた網膜光障害と考えられた1 例を経験した.患者は63 歳,女性.術前右視力(0.4)で,右白内障および網膜前膜に対してインドシアニングリーン(ICG)染色をせずに網膜前膜&#21085;離術を併用し,白内障硝子体同時手術を行った.術翌日から後極血管アーケード内,中心窩下方に黄白色の網膜浮腫を生じた.網膜浮腫は次第に吸収され,術後4 か月で右視力(1.0)に改善した.原因として術後蛍光造影所見から顕微鏡やライトガイドによる網膜光障害と考えた.白内障および網膜前膜に対する白内障硝子体同時手術の際にICG 染色をしなかったにも関わらず網膜光障害が生じることがあり,注意する必要がある.We experienced a case of light induced retinopathy,which we thought, was caused by combined cataract andpars plana vitrectomy.The patient was a 63-year-old woman, her preoperativebest corrected visual acuity was 0.4. During the combinedcataract and pars plana vitrectomy, epiretinal membranepeeling was performed without using indocyanine green(ICG). Yellow-white retinal edema appeared at the inferiorto central fovea in the vascular arcade area at postoperativeday 1, and it was absorved gradually. Four monthspostoperatively, the best corrected visual acuity improvedto 1.0.We considered that the main cause was light inducedretinopathy from the postoperative fluorescein angiography.We need to care because there is a case of light inducedretinopathy during combined cataract and pars plana vitrectomyin spite of not using ICG

キョダイ レッコウ モウマク ハクリ ノ シュジュツ ケントウ

巨大裂孔網膜剥離9 例9 眼を過去4 年間に経験し,手術手技と成績について検討したので報告する.裂孔の大きさは180 度が2 眼,120 度が4 眼,100 度が1 眼,90 度が2 眼であった.全症例に初回手術として経毛様体扁平部硝子体手術(PPV)を行った.輪状締結術(EN)併用が7 眼で,液体パーフルオロカーボン(PFCL)を用いたものは6 眼,タンポナーデ物質はシリコーンオイル(SO)が5 眼,空気が4 眼であった.超音波水晶体乳化吸引術(PEA)を施行したものは7 眼であった.初回非復位例はPEA+PPV にEN 併用し,PFCL-空気置換した大きさ120 度の2 眼であり,網膜の後極へのずれ落ちを生じていた.網膜のずれ落ちは裂孔周囲の硝子体の切除やPFCL-空気置換の際に網膜下液の吸引が不十分な可能性があった.再手術としてPPVおよびPFCL-SO 置換で復位した.初回復位率は9 眼中7 眼(77.8%),最終復位率は9 眼中9 眼(100%)であった.術後合併症に網膜前膜が2 眼,一過性眼圧上昇が2 眼,後発白内障が1 眼あり,視力改善の妨げの要因になるので注意が必要であった.当院における巨大裂孔網膜剥離の手術成績はおおむね良好であった.We treated 9 patients with 9 giant retinal tears in the last 4 years. We report the surgical techniques used for these patients and the results of surgery.The size of the tear was 120 degrees in 4 eyes, 180 degrees in 2 eyes, 90 degrees in 2 eyes, and 100 degrees in 1eye. Pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)was performed as the primary surgery for all the patients. Encircling(EN)was performed for 7 eyes. Perfluorocarbon liquid(PFCL)was used for 6 eyes. Silicone oil(SO)was used as tamponadematerial for 5 eyes, and air tamponade was used for 4 eyes.Phacoemulsification and aspiration(PEA)was used for 7eyes. Retinal attachment was unsuccessful for 2 eyes where surgery was combined with PEA, PPV, EN and PFCL-airreplacement. This led to a shift down to the posterior pole of the retina. The shift down of the retina was possibly caused by removal of the vitreous around the tears and inadequateaspiration of subretinal fluid during PFCL-air exchange.PPV and PFCL-SO replacement were performed as the second surgery. The retina could be reattached in 7 of9(77.8 %)eyes for the primary surgery. The final retinalreattachment rate was 100%.After the primary and second surgery, epimacular membranesdeveloped in 2 eyes, transient intraocular pressureincrease was noted for 2 eyes, and posterior capsule opacificationwas noted in 1 eye. Our results indicate that surgeonsshould be careful about postoperative complicationsthat affect visual prognosis.The surgical results at our hospital for giant retinal tearswere almost good