On the Technology of Heterogenization of Transition Metal Catalysts towards the Synthetic Applications in Ionic Liquid Matrix

With the invention of ionic liquids, synthetic chemistry reached a new arena towards the transition metal catalyzed reactions in the syntheses of fine, specialty, agricultural, commodity, fragrant chemicals and building blocks. Inside the ionic liquid matrix, the transition metal catalysts, when immobilized, offer a valuable solution in terms of heterogenization. This technology offers high level of recyclability without loss of activity and improves the turnover number with high selectivity. Synthetic chemists, chemical engineers and technologists continue their efforts to recover and recycle the transition metal catalysts through various methodologies to convert the processes cost effective. The processes that are reported in the literature reveals that the ionic liquids by virtue of their inertness coupled with ability to retain the catalytic materials provide an excellent solution in terms of high levels of recovery and recyclability. This chapter presents a short account on the recent development in the transition metal catalyzed reactions in ionic liquid systems where both the solvent and the catalyst were recycled and reused without any emission of volatile materials

Nanoparticle-coated microcrystals

Coprecipitation provides a rapid high-yield method for self-assembly of nanoparticles on the surface of flat water-soluble crystalline surfaces and a simple immobilisation technique prior to storage or thermal and chemical modification

PERFORMANCE STUDY OF DSTATCOM WITH PI CONTROLLED SVPWM AND HYSTERESIS CURRENT CONTROLLER FOR POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT

ABSTRACT A Distribution STATCOM (DSTATCOM) is a current controlled Voltage Source Converter (VSC) used for reactive power compensation, when connected to the power system. The DSTATCOM using PI controlled Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique has high peak overshoot and large settling time. SVPWM technique requires Phase Locked Loop (PLL) for measurement of varying frequency that is required for Park's transformation and for control. This paper presents a DSTATCOM for reactive power compensation using space vector based Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC) and compares its performance with that of the PI controlled SVPWM method. The HCC technique is robust and has faster transient performance compared to SVPWM control technique. In addition, this technique does not require PLL for measurement of frequency, has reduced switching losses, and is easy to implement. The performance of DSTATCOM with HCC is studied in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment

Network pharmacology: an efficient but underutilized approach in oral, head and neck cancer therapy—a review

The application of network pharmacology (NP) has advanced our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying diseases, including neck, head, and oral cancers, as well as thyroid carcinoma. This review aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of natural network pharmacology using compounds and traditional Chinese medicines for combating these malignancies. NP serves as a pivotal tool that provides a comprehensive view of the interactions among compounds, genes, and diseases, thereby contributing to the advancement of disease treatment and management. In parallel, this review discusses the significance of publicly accessible databases in the identification of oral, head, and neck cancer-specific genes. These databases, including those for head and neck oral cancer, head and neck cancer, oral cancer, and genomic variants of oral cancer, offer valuable insights into the genes, miRNAs, drugs, and genetic variations associated with these cancers. They serve as indispensable resources for researchers, clinicians, and drug developers, contributing to the pursuit of precision medicine and improved treatment of these challenging malignancies. In summary, advancements in NP could improve the globalization and modernization of traditional medicines and prognostic targets as well as aid in the development of innovative drugs. Furthermore, this review will be an eye-opener for researchers working on drug development from traditional medicines by applying NP approaches

Supplementary Information Drug discovery strategies in the design and development of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is potentially a life-threatening infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Till date, thousands of people lose their lives annually due to HIV infection and continues to be a big public health issue globally. Since the discovery of the first drug, Zidovudine (AZT), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), till date, 30 drugs have been approved by FDA primarily targeting reverse transcriptase, integrase and/or protease enzymes. The majority of these drugs target the catalytic and allosteric sites of the HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase. Compared to the NRTI family of drugs, the diverse chemical class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) has special anti-HIV activity with high specificity and low toxicity. However, current clinical usage of NRTI and NNRTI drugs has limited therapeutic value due to their adverse drug reactions and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. To overcome drug resistance and efficacy issues, combination therapy is widely prescribed for HIV patients. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) include more than one antiretroviral agents targeting two or more enzymes in the life cycle of the virus. Medicinal chemistry researchers apply different optimization strategies including structure- and fragment-based drug design, prodrug approach, scaffold hopping, molecular/fragment hybridization, and bioisosterism to identify and develop novel NNRTIs with high antiviral activity against wild-type (WT) and mutant strains. The formulation experts design various delivery systems with single or combination therapy and long-acting regimens of NNRTI to improve pharmacokinetic profiles and sustained therapeutic effects

Protease-triggered dispersion of nanoparticle assemblies

We present a new highly sensitive method for detection of proteases based on triggered dispersion of gold nanoparticle assemblies

Combinatorial anticancer effects of multi metal ion and drug substitute with hydroxyapatite coatings on surgical grade 316LSS stainless steel alloys towards biomedical applications

The present study highlights the metal ions and existing drug ampicillin-loaded nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) coated on 316 stainless steel alloy (316LSS) using the electrodeposition method. In addition, the sample phase purity and crystallinity of the HAp composite coatings on 316LSS were analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy using the KBr pellet method. The coating microstructure/morphology was characterized using a scanning electron microscope, which showed a flower-like morphology with the attachment of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to confirm the major element groups in the synthesized sample. The TGA results showed that weight loss occurred in the temperature range of up to 800 °C for oxidation and reduction reactions. Additionally, the beat-optimized nanomaterial showed promising in vitro bioactivity against disease-causing microorganisms, displaying a significant zone of inhibition. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assessment using the MTT assay demonstrated that the synthesized samples effectively inhibited cell proliferation in human osteosarcoma cell lines (Saos-2). AO/EB double staining performed under a fluorescence microscope indicated changes in the morphology of the apoptotic cell nuclei. In addition, the relationship between ROS and nanomaterial-induced apoptosis in Saos-2 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. MMP (ΔѰmt) profiling showed that the HAp composite increased the effective mitochondrial membrane damage or depolarization in the human osteosarcoma cell line. Moreover, the TUNEL assay suggested that treated nanomaterial with Saos-2 cells showed enhanced green fluorescence intensity, indicating terminal DNA damage. The obtained results meet the recommended physiological standard for synthesized 316LSS HAp composites to guide bone tissue regeneration