Post-harvest technology

In recent years great interest is envinced in several countries in the culture of molluscan shellfish. In the tropics favourable conditions exist for rapid growth and marketable oysters are obtained with in vir^n to twelve months. Investigations have been conducted at the Central Marine Fisheries Research institute and success has been achieved in perfecting the techniques of oyster culture in coastal waters (Nayar and Mahadevan, 1983). The awareness that shellfish have to be purified and rendered harmless goes back to the time of the Roman Empire. During the first century B.C. the Romans consumed cockles and oysters after treating them in tanks known as cockle washery (Yonge, 1962)

Exploited seerfish fishery resources of India - A review

Seerfishes forming 1.7 % of the total marine Jish catch of the country are considered as one of the high value resources Andhra Pradesh (14.3%) and Tami Nadu (11.5%) on the east coast and Gujarat (22.8%). Maharashtra (16.9%) and Kerala (16.1%) on the west coast are the principal contributors of seerfish. They are caught mainly in gillnet (65.12%) and hook & line (6.96%) from 25-50 m depth zone and. in trawl (11.47%) operated from beyond 50 m depth. Of the five species available in Indian waters, the fishery is sustained by the king seer Scomberomorus commerson and the spotted seer S.guttatus. The stock assessment studies on the king seer revealed that the present yield in different regions of the country are closer to MSY. However there is scope for stepping up production by extending fishing operations to the deeper waters beyond 50 m depth. The paper reviews their fishery, biology and stock characteristics in Indian waters

Phytochemical Survey of Orchids in the Tirunelveli Hills of South India

Phytochemical investigations of the orchid family were performed for alkaloid constituents, identification and inheritance of flower pigments in the species of ornamental value. Apart from the presence of chlorophyll in green flowered forms and carotenoids in some yellow flowers, anthocyanidins are predominated. The cyaniding, pelargonidin and petunidin, and complex mixture of their glycosides and acylated derivatives are often present in a single flower. In the present investigation of the preliminary phytochemical study of leaf flavanoids contents of Orchidiaceae family members in the Tirunelveli hills of South India were analyzed and surveyed

The Application of Plant Growth Regulators in Propagation of Dendrobium Orchid with Thin Cell Layer (TCL) Technique: A Review

Plant growth regulators is one of the success factors for in vitro propagation. Plant growth regulators are organic compounds that are not nutrients and, in small amounts, promote, inhibit, or regulate physiological processes in plants. The function of growth regulators is to stimulate the growth of morphogenesis in cell, tissue and organ cultures. The most used plant growth regulators in tissue culture are auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins. One of technique for tissue culture is the thin cell layer technique. Thin Cell Layer (TCL) is a technique using small thin sections produced from organ pieces. TCL explants more effective than large conventional explants. Thin explants facilitate contact and diffusion of media into the tissue, better than thick explant slices. This literature review aims to gather information related to the application of plant growth regulators in propagation of Dendrobium orchid with thin cell layer (tcl) technique. A systematic Literature Review (SLR) uses in this paper. The growth regulators commonly used in Dendrobium orchid propagation using the TCL technique are auxins and cytokinins and the type of media that is often used in Dendrobium orchid propagation is Murashige and Skoog (MS). Protocorm Like Bodies (PLB) is the most potential explant in Dendrobium orchid propagation. The TCL technique both transverse and longitudinal has its own specificity with each type of explant used. TCL explants proved to be more effective than large conventional explants

Improving Students’ Reading Achievement Through Self-questioning Strategy By Using Descriptive Text

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti apakah ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai-nilai siswa sebelum dan setelah menerapkan self questioning strategy dan untuk mengetahui respon siswa setelah diajar. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah siswa SMAN 5 Bandar Lampung kelas X1 yang terdiri dari 33 siswa. Desain penelitian ini adalah pre test post test satu kelompok. Dalam pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan tes membaca dan kuesioner. Dalam penelitian ini, t-test pengukuran berulang digunakan untuk menganalisa data. Pada pre-test, nilai rata-rata siswa adalah 54,12 dan pada post-test menjadi 69,66. Dengan menggunakan t-test, telah ditemukan bahwa t-ratio (19.602) lebih tinggi daripada t-table (2.042), ini membuktikan bahwa ada peningkatan yang signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner, ditemukan juga bahwa respons siswa positif terhadap self questioning strategy. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa self questioning bisa digunakan untuk meningkatkan prestasi membaca siswa dalam teks deskriptif. The objectives of this research are to investigate whether there is significant difference between students’ reading achievement before and after the implementation of self questioning strategy and to find out the students’ response after the implementation. The sample of the research are the students of SMAN 5 Bandar Lampung class X1 consisting of 33 students. The design is one-group pretest posttest. In collecting the data, the researcher used reading test and the questionnaire. In this research, the repeated measures t-test is used to analyze the data. In pretest, the mean score is 54.12 and 69.66 in post test. By using t-test, it has been found that t-ratio (19.602) is higher than t-table (2.042), it proves that the increase is significant. Based on the result of questionnaire, it has also been found that there is positive students’ response toward self questioning strategy. The result shows that self questioning can be used to increase the students’ reading achievement of descriptive text

GAMBARAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI MAKRO, STATUS GIZI, DAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN SANTRI PADA SISTEM PENYELENGGARAAN MAKANAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN PUTRI UMMUL MUKMININ MAKASSAR

Institusi Makanan Sekolah adalah penyelenggaraan makanan di sekolah yang telah diolah berdasarkan standar yang ada, dihidangkan menarik dan menyenangkan untuk siswa yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki dan menjaga status gizi anak sekolah, meningkatkan kehadiran di sekolah, memperbaiki prestasi akademik serta merangsang dan mendukung pendidikan gizi dalam kurikulum. Pondok pesantren merupakan salah satu institusi yang melayani kebutuhan makan santri. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran asupan zat gizi makro, status gizi, dan tingkat kepuasan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pemilihan sampel dengan random sampling dengan jumlah sampel 58 orang. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner, microtoice, timbangan, alat tulis, kamera digital, dan program SPSS versi 16. Data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan Ms.excel dan program SPSS versi 16. Hasil penelitian asupan zat gizi makro, sebanyak 23 santri dengan asupan energi normal, 24 santri dengan asupan protein normal, 4 santri dengan asupan lemak normal, dan 28 santri dengan asupan karbohidrat normal. Didapatkan 43 santri dengan status gizi normal. Secara umum santri merasa puas dengan menu yang disajikan untuk tiap kategori penilaian. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa asupan zat gizi makro santri tidak seimbang, status gizi santri tergolong normal, dan rata-rata santri merasa puas terhadap makanan yang disajikan di pesantren tersebut

Exploited seerfish fisheries of india during 1998-02

Seerfishes are esteemed table fishes. In India, they are considered as one of the high value resources due to their superior quality meat, high economic return and export market. Seerfish fishery is important to artisanal fishermen who use driftnet/gillner/hooks and line employing country crafts with or without out-board engines and medium size boats with inboard engines, in the coastal waters of 25- 60 m depth. They are the target species for to 16.9% during 1998-02 indicating attainment of optimum production. The annual production during 1998-02 varied from 42,578 t in 2001 to 54,871 t in 1998 with an average of 48,847t forming 1.9% of the marine fish landing of the country. The east coast which ranked first in seerfish production during 1950s and 1960s with around 60% contribution had progressively been reduced to 40% in 1990s and during 1998-02