A Multidisciplinary Design Exercise: Myndos Excavation Site

AbstractThis paper describes a multidisciplinary educational design workshop carried out at the 4000-year old Myndos archeological site in Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey. The workshop, which was a collaboration between Architecture and Archeology Departments at Uludağ University, involved the design of a lightweight structure to be positioned on the archeological excavation site. The aim of the “Lightweight Structures, Mobile Architecture, and Archeology” workshop was to create an innovative, interdisciplinary environment for participants to creatively solve design problems in a limited time.Instructors from the Architecture Department and the Archeology Department guided 13 architecture students, and 7 archeology students through the workshop. The hypothetical structure was to be utilitarian, and demountable. It should also not damage the ground it would touch. Decisions on scale, structural choice, the choice of materials were left to the students. Informative seminars on the excavation site itself; lightweight structures; architectural patterns, mapping, and visualization; as well as architectural representation were given during the 5-day exercise.Among multiple benefits of the workshop some that stood out were: (1) students participated in a complex creative problem solving process, (2) students learned to work under time constraints, (3) students familiarized themselves with one another's profession, (4) students learned to appreciate dissimilar viewpoints, (5) students were able to visualize their designs in the context of the built environment, and (6) students were able to test and share their ideas with local residents.In addition to these benefits, suggestions for the implication of this workshop in other educational fields are discussed

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Cutting Force in Turning of Hardened X40CrMoV5-1 Steel

X40CrMoV5-1 hot work tool steel is commonly used in injection and extrusion molds and also manufacturing of parts requiring high temperature, toughness and abrasion resistance. On the other hand, the preference of hard turning instead of grinding reduces the production time and cost, while improving the fatigue strength of the part in the case of putting the cylindrical parts into final form. In this study, the main cutting force (Fc) was investigated experimentally and numerically during machining of hardened X40CrMoV5-1 tool steel with vacuum and heat treatment to 55 ± 1 HRC by coated and uncoated ceramic inserts. Hard turning experiments were performed according to the Taguchi L32 experimental design using different levels of cutting parameters (feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut). Kistler 9257B dynamometer and equipments were used in experimentally determination of Fc values. Cutting simulations based on the finite element method were performed in DEFORM 3D software. In addition, the effects of cutting parameter on Fc were identified via analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% assurance level. The similarity between experimental and numerical analysis results for Fc values was found to be 94% for uncoated tools and 91% for coated tools. It was determined that depth of cut is the most important factor according to ANOVA results obtained by using experimental data

Do life expectancy and hydropower consumption affect ecological footprint? Evidence from novel augmented and dynamic ARDL approaches

Human activities threaten the future of the ecosystem by emitting pollution to the air, water, and soil. Considering the increasing ecological footprint (EF), the study focuses on investigating the role of life expectancy and hydropower consumption by controlling also income, trade openness, and globalization on the environment under the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for Turkey during 1971–2018. In this context, the study performs recently developed augmented autoregressive distributed lag (AARDL) and dynamic ARDL (DARDL) methods. The results show that (i) life expectancy increases the environmental pressure; (ii) hydropower consumption has no effect on the EF; (iii) globalization and trade openness reduce the EF; (iv) the EKC hypothesis is valid, but the estimated turning point lies between USD 19,914 and USD 20,571, which is far from the sample period in Turkey. From the overall results, it can be concluded that Turkey cannot solve environmental problems with insufficient income levels, an increasing elderly population, and ineffective use of hydropower. Hence, Turkey should rely on income much more, use hydropower much more efficiently, and benefit from the spillover effect of technological innovations related to globalization and foreign trade to significantly reduce the EF