Lead acetate deteriorates the improvement effect of L-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin on endothelin-1 receptors activity in rat aorta

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor hormone that has been identified as an important factor responsible for the development of cardiovascular dysfunctions. ET-1 exerts its vasoconstrictor activity through two pharmacologically distinct receptors, ETA and ETB that are found in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the vasodilator activity through an ETB receptor located on endothelial cells. This study aimed to show the impact of 1µM L-arginine (LA), 100µM tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and their combined effect on ET-1 activity in both lead-treated and lead-untreated rat aortic rings. This means, investigating how endothelial dysfunction reverses the role of nitric oxide precursor and cofactor. In this study, Rat aortic rings have been pre-incubated with BH4, LA and their combination. Subsequently, the aortic rings were preincubated with 200µM N-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and 0.5µM BQ-123. Then, the vascular response to cumulative doses of rat ET-1 was analyzed in each of the above-mentioned groups (LA, BH4, LA & BH4, L-NAME, BQ-123), in the presence and absence of lead acetate 1µM Pb (C2H3O2)2. ET-1 efficacy and potency were significantly decreased in the presence of LA, BH4, and LA and BH4 combination in the untreated group, while it significantly increased in the presence of lead. In the second trial of experiments ET-1 efficacy markedly decreased in BQ-123- incubated cells in both lead-treated and untreated aortic rings. In the presence of lead, the efficacy of ET-1 was raised with the use of L-NAME. In conclusion, LA and BH4 can be considered pharmacological agents to alter the potency of ET-1-induced vasoconstriction and concomitantly lower blood pressure

Ghrelin and Leptin and Their Relations with Insulin Resistance in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients

إن مرض السكري من النوع الثاني هو ناتج عن خلل في إفراز هرمون الأنسولين، ومقاومة الأنسولين. الهدف من الدراسة هو قياس تركيزالجريلين واللبتين في الدم وتحديد طبيعة العلاقة الموجودة بين هذه الهرمونات كمتغيرات تابعة مع بعض القياسات البيوكيميائية والسريرية في مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني. شملت الدراسة واحد و أربعين مريضآ بداء السكري من النوع الثاني و ثلاثة و أربعين شخصآ أصحاء كمجموعة ضابطة ، تتراوح أعمارهم بين 40-60 سنة و ضمن الوزن الطبيعي. وتم قياس نسبة هرمون الغريلين و اللبتين باستخدام تقنية الفحص المناعي المرتبط بالإنزيم (إلاليزا). أظهرت النتائج إن نسبة الغريلين اعلى واللبتين أقل معنويآ في مصل مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني مقارنة بالجموعة الضابطة. وتبين ان غريلين ترتبط إيجابيا مع، نسبة السكر في الدم و مقاومة الأنسولين  ومن ناحية اخرى ترتبط عكسيآ بحساسية الأنسولين. أماعلاقة اللبتين مع سكر الدم، الهيموجلوبين الجلوكوزيلاتي، مقاومة الأنسولين والبروتين الدهني المنخفض الكثافة، أكسيد النيتريك وأنزيم الكبد (ألانين أماينوترانسفيريز) هي علاقة عكسية. و ترتبط اللبتين خطيآ بمعدل ضغط الدم، حساسية الأنسولين و نوع الجنس. وفقًا لاختبارات التشخيص بأستعمال منحنى الخاصية العملياتية للمستقبلية أعتبرت هرمون الغريلين واللبتين علامات حيوية لداء السكري من النوع  الثاني. استنتجت هذه الدراسة أن الغريلين واللبتين يمكن إستخدامهم كأدوات تنبؤية للأصابة بمرض السكري من النوع الثاني، نظرآ لعلاقتهما المعنوية بمقاومة وحساسية الأنسولين، الشوارد الحرة و مستوى الدهون.Ghrelin and leptin are hunger hormones related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the pathogenesis of T2DM is the abnormality in insulin secretion and insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study is to evaluate ghrelin and leptin concentrations in blood and to specify the relationship of these hormones as dependent variables with some biochemical and clinical measurements in T2DM patients. In this study, forty one T2DM and forty three non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM) subjects, aged between 40-60 years and with normal weight, were enrolled. Fasting serum ghrelin and leptin were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In our results ghrelin was significantly increased, and leptin was significantly decreased, in T2DM patients compared with non-DM subjects. Ghrelin was positively correlated with the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and IR, but inversely related to the insulin sensitivity (IS). Leptin was negatively correlated with mean arterial pressure (MAP), FBG, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), IR, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, nitric oxide (NO), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as well as showed a linear correlation with IS and a strong dependence on sex. The area under the curve (AUC) value shows ghrelin and leptin as biomarkers for T2DM. In conclusion ghrelin and leptin hormones have predictive ability to predict T2DM, as they are significantly associated with IR, IS, free radicals, and lipid profile

Effects of Short-Term Cell Phone Exposure on Eeg, Ecg And Blood Pressure in Males And Females of Human

Mobile phones have become important devices of modern communication. As a result of the widespread increase in use of this technology, concerns have been raised regarding the potential impact on human health, particularly on the CNS. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of cell phone on EEG, ECG, blood pressure and in both sexes of human. Thirty two volunteers (16 males, 16 females) who had participated in the original study. During mobile exposure for a period of 30 minutes , EEG, ECG and some hemodynamic  were measured . The mobile phone which used in the study was a Nokia model .Statistical analysis revealed that alpha and beta amplitude during closed eye were increased after cell phone exposure for 30 minutes.  Alpha amplitude was also significantly elevated during opened eye. The result of  present study shown that  cell phone  exposure for (30)minutes didn’t statistically change hemodynamic parameters ,however diastolic blood presser (DBP)and heart rate were slightly increased  . ECG waves and amplitude are also not changed  with exception of QT inter vale. In conclusion, the results suggested that cell phone exposure for 30 minutes affect alpha amplitude rather than beta amplitude values especially during closed eye. These changes of alpha waves represents the change in parieto-occiptal region of the brain