‘İslam Dünyası’nda Birlik Söylemi: ‘Locked-In Sendromu’nu Aşmanın İmkânı Olarak ‘Birlik Siyaseti’nden ‘Beraberlik Politikası’na

Tarihsel koşullar içerisinde belirginleşmiş bir İslami birlik söylemine göre tevhit sadece Allah’ın birliğinin ifadesi değil ümmetin birleştirici ve düzenleyici ilkesi olarak toplumsal bir modeldir. İslam’ın ilgili teorik öğretilerine yaslanmakla birlikte tarihsel koşullar içerisinde belirginleşmiş bu söylem, tevhidi inanç ortaklığına dini bir statü kazandıran ilke, ümmeti de bu statünün ifadesi nesne olarak ayırt ederek, inşa edip kurmaya yönelir. İlk bakışta söylemin, ümmet olarak ifade edilen nesneye uygun düştüğü zannedilse de biraz yakından bakıldığında nesnesinin iç düzenini yansıtmadığı gözlenebilir. Böyle bir gözlemden hareketle ele alınan bu çalışmanın amacı, Foucault’çu bir yaklaşımın koordinatları içerisinde söz konusu söylemi analiz etmektir. Çalışmamız, iki aşamalı olarak organize edilmiştir. Birinci aşamada “Allah birdir, ümmet de bir olmalıdır.” şeklindeki söylemin oluşumu, kurmaya veya dönüştürmeye çalıştığı nesne ile ilişkisini eleştirel bir analize tabi tutarak; söylemin ümmetin nesnel gerçekliği ile görünüşte kuvvetli olan bağını sorguladık. İkinci aşamada ise nesnel gerçeklikte gömülü olanı keşfetmeyi; öncesinde sorguluyor gibi yaptığımız söylemi nesne ile meşru ve mümkün ilişkilerini tanımlayarak bilgi sosyolojik bir perspektifle yeniden kurmayı denedik. Bu deneme ile açığa çıkan söylemi, “Allah birdir, ümmet bir değil beraber olabilir.” şeklinde betimledik

Screening and evaluation of antioxidant activities of selected naphthalene compounds

The antioxidant activities of twelve naphthalene compounds containing (E)-1-((3-iodophenylimino)methyl) naphthalen-2-ol (NAPH1), (E)-1-((3-bromophenylimino) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol (NAPH2), E)-1-((4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylimino) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol, (E)-1-((4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylimino) methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (NAPH3), (E)-1-((2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl) phenylimino) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol (NAPH4), (E)-1-((naphthalen-2-ylimino) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol (NAPH5), (E)-1-((2-bromo-3-methylphenylimino) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol (NAPH6), (E)-N-((2-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)-3-methylaniline (NAPH7), (E)-4-ethoxy-N-((2-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl) methylene) aniline (NAPH8), (E)-N-((2-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl) methylene) naphthalen-1-amine (NAPH9), (E)-1-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-N-((2-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl) methylene) methanamine (NAPH10), (E)-N-((2-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl) methylene)-4-fluoroaniline (NAPH11), (E)-N-((2-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)-2-ethylaniline (NAPH12) were investigated in vitro by antioxidant activity (phosphomolybdenum assay), reducing power, H2O2 scavenging activity, metal chelating effects and lipid peroxidation. Scavenging activities of the naphthalen compounds were tested against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. Most of them are potent antioxidant, radical superoxide anion scavengers and in vitro inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The compounds; NAPH5, NAPH10 and NAPH12 were found to exhibit promising antioxidant profiles at 10 and 50 mM concentrations. Among these, NAPH5 at higher concentration was the most active compound in inhibiting lipid peroxidation as shown in the homogenates of kidney, heart and spleen. The presented results validate that NAPH5, NAPH10 and NAPH12 can be possessed as a source of antioxidant potential and a rich source of synthetic antioxidant for medicinal or foods

2-Hydr­oxy-5-nitro­benzaldehyde

The title compound, C7H5NO4, is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation from the mean plane of 0.0116 (11) Å for the hydr­oxy O atom. The mol­ecular and crystal structure are stabilized by intra- and inter­molecular inter­actions. An intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates a six-membered ring, producing an S(6) ring motif. The C—H⋯O inter­actions result in the formation of C(5) chains and R 2 2(8) rings forming an approximately planar network parallel to (10). These planes are inter­connected through π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance 3.582 (2) Å]

2-[(E)-2-(4-Methyl­benzene­sulfonamido)ethyl­iminiometh­yl]-4-nitro­phenolate

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C16H17N3O5S, crystallizes in a zwitterionic form, with a strong intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 7.06 (9)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into chains along the c axis by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

(E)-2-[(4-Chloro­phen­yl)imino­meth­yl]-4-(trifluoro­meth­oxy)phenol

The title compound, C14H9ClF3NO2, crystallizes in a phenol–imine tautomeric form, with a strong intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 47.62 (9)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into chains along the c axis by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and weak C—H⋯π inter­actions involving both benzene rings are also observed

(E)-2-[3-(Trifluoro­meth­yl)phenyl­imino­meth­yl]benzene-1,4-diol

In the title compound, C14H10F3NO2, the two benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 31.94 (14)°. An intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond helps to stabilize the mol­ecular structure. In the crystal, inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding links the mol­ecules, forming chains running along the crystallographic a axis. The F atoms of the trifluoro­methyl group are disordered over two positions with refined site occupancies of 0.488 (5) and 0.512 (5)

(E)-2-[(2,4-Dichloro­phen­yl)imino­meth­yl]benzene-1,4-diol monohydrate

The title compound, C13H9Cl2NO2·H2O, represents a Schiff base which adopts the phenol–imine tautomeric form in the solid state. The mol­ecule is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation 0.0818 Å), and the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 7.46 (12)°. An O—H⋯N inter­action generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the solvent water mol­ecule, forming chains

İzmir municipality housing and zoning code analysis and representation for compliance checking

20th International Workshop of the European Group for Intelligent Computing in Engineering, EG-ICE 2013; Vienna; Austria; 1 July 2013 through 3 July 2013Systems for code compliance checking of building projects require representation of building codes. Building codes are complex, and the development of computer implementable representations is challenging. As a case in point, this paper reports on experiences gained while modeling ̄zmir Municipality Housing and Zoning Code (IMHZcode). First, IMHZcode was analysed to understand the various types of information contained in it in order to develop a comprehensive building code model. The rules were classified according to their formalizability and self-containedness. Then, existing modeling approaches were evaluated to find the most convenient method that meets the needs for modeling IMHZcode. A key criterion used in this evaluation was ease of maintenance by non-programmers. The paper concludes with an illustrative example of the selected methodology's application within the context of IMHZcode