Disease Pattern and Outcome among Neonates in Pediatric Ward of POF Hospital, Wah

Background: Neonatal period is the duration between 0-28 days of birth and it is the most susceptible period of life because of the large number of problems and diseases which a neonate is likely to face. The objective of the study was to determine the disease pattern and outcome among neonates in Pediatric ward of POF Hospital.Material and Methods: A descriptive study was carried out at Pediatric ward of POF Hospital Wah Cantt. Retrospective data regarding age, sex, reasons for admission, outcome and mode of delivery (from hospital record) was collected for all neonates admitted during the year 2016 from 1st January to 31st December. The data was analyzed by using SPSS V-19.Results: Among total neonates (n=887) admitted during the year, 63.2% were males and 36.8% were females. Mean weight of neonates was 2.54 + 0.75 kg while mean age was 2.39 + 5.8 days. Most common diseases were Prematurity, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Seizures and Sepsis. Overall, 82.64% recovered from their illness while 17.02% expired.Conclusions: Prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome, seizures and sepsis were the major causes of neonatal admission in this study.Key words: Diagnostic value, Immature-to-total neutrophil ratio, Neonatal sepsi

EFFECTS OF IODINE DEFICIENCY GOITER ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GIRLS

ABSTRACT Background: Iodine is an essential micronutrient and is essential in minute amounts for the normal physical and mental growth, development and well being of all humans. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of iodine deficiency Goiter on academic performance of girls and to compare these effects between Grade I and Grade II goiter. Methods: The study was conducted in different schools of Wah Cantt and Abottabad from 1 st February 2011 to 30 th June 2011. This is a descriptive / School based observational study. To assess the effects of iodine deficiency Goiter on academic performance of girls, 300 girls (10 -19 years of age) were interviewed. A pre-tested closed ended questionnaire was designed. Different variables were included in the questionnaire regarding the subject. Results were summed and statistically analyzed using SPSS 10.0. Results: Of the total number of girls interviewed 38 percent belong to 10 -14 years and 62 percent belong to 15 -19 years age group. In 18% subjects goiter was present since birth, 23% were having goiter for the last 5 -10 years, while in 59% girls the duration of illness was less than 5 years. Academic performance was poor in 11%, satisfactory in 49%, good in 30% and excellent in only 2%. School attendance was poor in 18%, satisfactory in 34%, good in 34% and excellent in only 6%. The main reasons for absence from school were continuous illness and lack of self interest. Conclusion: It can be concluded from our study that iodine deficiency Goiter can affect the academic performance of girls. The academic performance was better among girls with Grade I goiter as compare to girls with Grade II. Academic performance of girls, with duration of illness < 5 years, was better as compared to those who were having goiter for longer than 5 years because cognitive functions deteriorate with increasing duration of illness. Emphasis should be on health education regarding the use of iodized salt to prevent iodine deficiency Goiter

Developing consensus on content & format of e-portfolio for MHPE students: a Delphi study

Objectives: To build a consensus on portfolio framework for master’s in health professional education students and document programme learning outcomes, tasks for students related to each outcome, and the pieces of evidence regarding the completion of each task. --Continu

Is behaviourism really dead? a scoping review to document the presence of behaviourism in current medical education

Behaviourism is the underpinning learning theory of many teaching and assessment tools utilized to enhance the effectiveness of learning. Feedback, reinforcements, motivation, learning outcomes and objectives are few among many which are implied by the medical teachers while teaching both basic and clinical sciences to the students. The claim of Behaviourism being redundant or dead is not based on realities. Behaviourist approach is and will remain the most powerful theory to be implied in educational processes for gaining successful outcomes. Keywords: Behaviourism, Implications, Medical Education, dead, learning. Continuous..