Efficient Broadband Light-Trapping Structures on Thin-Film Silicon Fabricated by Laser, Chemical and Hybrid Chemical/Laser Treatments

Light-trapping structures formed on surfaces of various materials have attracted much attention in recent years due to their important role in many applications of science and technology. This article discusses various methods for manufacturing light-trapping “black” silicon, namely laser, chemical and hybrid chemical/laser ones. In addition to the widely explored laser texturing and chemical etching methods, we develop a hybrid chemical/laser texturing method, consisting in laser post-texturing of pyramidal structures obtained after chemical etching. After laser treatments the surface morphology was represented by a chaotic relief of microcones, while after chemical treatment it acquired a chaotic pyramidal relief. Moreover, laser texturing of preliminarily chemically microtextured silicon wafers is shown to take five-fold less time compared to bare flat silicon. In this case, the chemically/laser-treated samples exhibit average total reflectance in the spectral range of 250–1100 nm lower by 7–10% than after the purely chemical treatment. © 2023 by the authors.Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation: 075-15-2021-677We thank the Ural Center for Shared Use “Modern nanotechnology” of Ural Federal University (Reg.#2968), which is supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education RF (Project #075-15-2021-677) for the provided research equipment; and Evgeny Kuzmin from Lebedev Physical Institute for the preparation .This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ural Federal University Program of Development within the Priority-2030 Program)

DISTRIBUTION OF <i>MICA</i> ALLELES IN THE RUSSIAN POPULATION

Stress factors, infections, tumor transformation of the cells of organism induce the expression of MICA protein, which is a ligand for the NKG2D receptor of NK and T cells. The interaction of the NKG2D receptor on the surface of the cells of the immune system with MICA results in activation of lymphocytes and elimination of the ligand carrier. The MICA gene has a high level of polymorphism. To date, 87 alleles have been described; their products differ in ability to activate cytotoxic lymphocytes, that can affect the progression of a number of diseases, such as cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases. The distribution of MICA alleles in different ethnic groups varies considerably. The analysis of MICA polymorphism in a current ethnos is necessary for revealing the relationships between certain MICA alleles and different diseases. Goal. This work is aimed at studying of the distribution of MICA alleles in Russian population. Materials and methods. Polymorphism of MICA was analyzed according to the procedure proposed by Yizhou Zoe and Peter Stastny. The procedure included: 1) isolation of genomic DNA from whole blood; 2) PCR for amplification of a fragment of the MICA gene; 3) sequencing of the resulting PCR fragments. Analysis of the results of sequencing was carried out using the programs Vector NTI and Chromas Lite. Results. The genotype of the MICA alleles of 119 donors has been determined. Of the 87 MICA alleles described in the literature, 15 were found among the samples studied. The frequencies of MICA alleles were the following: *002 – 19.3%, *004 – 6.7%, *007 – 3.0%, *008 – 35.7%, *009 – 10.1%, *010 – 5.0%, *011 – 3.8%, *012 – 2.1%, *016 – 2.5%, *017 – 3.4% *018 – 5.5%, *019 – 0.4%, *027 – 1.3%, *053 – 0.8%, *068 – 0.4%. The distribution of MICA alleles in Russia was found to be similar to that of European countries. When comparing literary data for different countries of the world, it was found that the differences in the distribution of MICA alleles are expressed mainly between races, and not nations. Conclusions. In this paper, the distribution of MICA alleles in Russian population has been analyzed. It turned out to be very similar to those of other European countries and has a number of significant differences from the ethnoses of the Mongoloid race (Japan, China, Korea). The analysis of the distribution of MICA alleles in the Russian population may be useful for identifying the predisposition of individuals to certain diseases

Изучение взаимосвязей экспрессии молекулярных маркеров на опухолевых и иммунокомпетентных клетках с чувствительностью к адъювантной и неоадъювантной терапии рака мочевого пузыря

Use of immunotherapy in treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer remains the most promising method in case of impossibility of chemotherapy with cisplatin or progression during cisplatin treatment. This approach is the method of choice and can prolong patient’s life. In particular, use of checkpoint inhibitors allows to obtain effective treatment of bladder cancer. However, to prescribe immunotherapeutic medication, patient must have point of application for these drugs. Individualized approach will allow to increase treatment effectiveness and disease prognosis while maximally improving the quality of life.Применение иммунотерапии в лечении мышечно-инвазивного рака мочевого пузыря остается наиболее перспективным методом в случае невозможности проведения химиотерапии цисплатином или прогрессирования на фоне лечения последним. Этот метод является методом выбора и может продлить жизнь больного. В частности, использование ингибиторов контрольных точек позволяет реализовать эффективное лечение рака мочевого пузыря. Однако для назначения иммунных препаратов необходимо наличие у пациента точек приложения действия этих средств. Именно персонифицированный подход позволит приумножить эффективность лечения и прогнозирования течения заболевания, максимально воздействуя на улучшение качества жизни

Study of association between molecular marker expression on tumor and immunocompetent cells and sensitivity to adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy of bladder cancer

Use of immunotherapy in treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer remains the most promising method in case of impossibility of chemotherapy with cisplatin or progression during cisplatin treatment. This approach is the method of choice and can prolong patient’s life. In particular, use of checkpoint inhibitors allows to obtain effective treatment of bladder cancer. However, to prescribe immunotherapeutic medication, patient must have point of application for these drugs. Individualized approach will allow to increase treatment effectiveness and disease prognosis while maximally improving the quality of life

Results of external quality control study in flow cytometric acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnostics

Comparison of interpretation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) flow cytometric diagnostics data was the aim of the study. Immunophenotyping data obtained from 10 patients with ALL were analysed separately in 26 laboratories from Russian Federation and Kazahstan. Results comparison showed four main type of discordance: B-lineage ALL diagnostics during heavy bone marrow regeneration, great variability of T-ALL interpretation, complexity of ambiguous lineage acute leukemia and, finally, very different report types, unique for each laboratory. All these problems are the serious obstacles for standardization of flow cytometric ALL diagnostics in multicenter setting. Continuation of similar QC rounds following by consecutive discussions with further development of consensus diagnostic algorithm could be the first step for standardization of ALL immunophenotyping in Russian Federation and CIS countries