Enhancing the bioconversion of winery and olive mill waste mixtures into lignocellulolytic enzymes and animal feed by Aspergillus uvarum using a packed-bed bioreactor

Wineries and olive oil industries are dominant agro-industrial activities in southern European regions. Olive pomace, exhausted grape marc and vine shoot trimmings are lignocellulosic residues generated by these industries, which could be valued biotechnologically. In the present work these residues were used as substrate to produce cellulases and xylanases through solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus uvarum. For that, two factorial designs (32) were first planned to optimize substrate composition, temperature and initial moisture level. Subsequently, the kinectics of cellulolytic enzymes production, fungal growth and fermented solid were characterized, Finally, the process was performed in a packed-bed bioreactor. The results showed that cellulase activity improved with the optimization processes, reaching 33.56 U/g, and with the packed-bed bioreactor aeration of 0.2 L/min, reaching 38.51 U/g. The composition of fermented solids indicated their potential use for animal feed because cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and phenolic compounds were partially degraded 28.08, 10.78, 13.3 and 28.32% respectively, crude protein was increased from 8.47% to 17.08%, and, the mineral contents meet the requirements of main livestock.J.M.S. was supported by Grant SFRH/BPD/84440/2012 from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal. L.A. was supported by Grant Incentivo/EQB/LA0023/2014 from O Novo Norte (ON.2). We thank FCT Strategic Project PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013 and the Project "BioInd - Biotechnology and Bioengineering for improved Industrial and Agro-Food processes, Rer. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000028" co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2), QREN, FEDE

Bioethanol Production from Agro Wastes by Acid Hydrolysis and Fermentation Process

383-388<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:timesnewromanpsmt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">Agro wastes such as carrot peel, onion peel, potato peel and sugar beet peel are products subjected to saccharification process by Penicillium sp. for the hydrolysis, this process was followed by the fermentation using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of alcohol which was fermented at 14, 21, 28 days to produce alcohol. The aim of the study was to determine alcohol content of fermented agro wastes based on different fermentation time. <span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-style:italic"="" lang="EN-US">The fermented product was purified by primary distillation process at 780C and the fraction was collected. The ethanol was determined by dichromate method. High yield of ethanol was obtained from sugar beet peel 14.52% on 28th day and further confirmed by Gas chromatography and the yield of ethanol obtained on 28th day was 17.3%.</span