INVESTIGATION ON IN VIVO ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF MARINE BROWN ALGA SPATOGLOSSUM ASPERUM J. AGARTH

Objective: In the present study, evaluation of the methanol extract of Spatoglossum asperum, brown marine algae on the analgesic activity using animal model was focussed.Methods: Acetic acid-induced writhing test on Wistar albino rats at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight of algal extract have been carried out. It showed significant analgesic activity by reducing the number of acetic acid-induced writhing.Results: The animals at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight exhibited, 70.52% of the animals were protected using S. asperum extract, on the other hand, the standard, diclofenac protected 84.21% of the animals. The results are statistically significant at p<0.001, and the investigation revealed dose-dependent significant activity in comparison with standard and control.Conclusion: Hence, it can be concluded that the methanol extracts of the brown alga S. asperum have potent analgesic activity at moderate doses

Outcomes of early first trimester medical termination of pregnancy: retrospective study

Background: Unsafe abortion is a major public health problem. Globally, 20 million unsafe abortions occur each year, accounting for 13% of all maternal deaths. According to WHO, 56% of abortions in developing countries are still unsafe even though medical abortion methods have been used for over a decade. The main objective of the present study is to compare the efficacy, acceptability, side effects and factors affecting the outcome of early medical abortion with oral and vaginal misoprostol after oral mifepristone in inducing early medical abortion up to 8 weeks of gestation. Methods: A one-year retrospective, observational study was conducted. A total of 82 post-MTP patients were included in this study. Data retrieved from the hospital database was tabulated and analysed. Results: The majority of women who underwent the procedure fell into the age group of 26-30 years (32.9%), on observing the parity of the mothers a whopping 82.9% were multiparous. The finished family (41.5%) was the most common reason for MTP. The incidence of RPOC in the study group was 31.7%. About 26.8% of the patients did not come back for follow-up. Conclusions: The majority of women who underwent the procedure fell into the age group of 26-30 years (32.9%), on observing the parity of the mothers a whopping 82.9% were multiparous. The finished family (41.5%) was the most common reason for MTP. The incidence of RPOC in the study group was 31.7%. About 26.8% of the patients did not come back for follow-up

Early heart disease detection using data mining techniques with hadoop map reduce Early Heart Disease Detection Using Data Mining Techniques with Hadoop Map Reduce

International audienceHeart and other organs are important parts in human body. As per World Health Organisation(WHO)'s statistics, the cause of death in all over world is mostly due to cardiovascular diseases. The reason behind this are sedentary lifestyle which may lead to obesity, increase in cholesterol level, high blood pressure and hypertension. In this paper, by using various data mining techniques, such as Naive Bayes(NB), Decision Tree(DT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Neural Network (NN) and clustering algorithms such as Association Rules. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-NN algorithms are used to extract the Knowledge from the large number of data set. The generated reports help doctors and nurses to identify about disease and their levels with which they can provide a better treatment to the patient. Text Mining is most commonly used mining technique in health care industry. In this paper we compare K-means clustering algorithm with Map Reduce Algorithm's implementation efficiency in parallel and distributed systems

Calibration Scheme for Large Kinetic Inductance Detector Arrays Based on Readout Frequency Response

Microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) provides a way to build large ground based sub-mm instruments such as NIKA and A-MKID. For such instruments, therefore, it is important to understand and characterize the response to ensure good linearity and calibration over wide dynamic range. We propose to use the MKID readout frequency response to determine the MKID responsivity to an input optical source power. A signal can be measured in a KID as a change in the phase of the readout signal with respect to the KID resonant circle. Fundamentally, this phase change is due to a shift in the KID resonance frequency, in turn due to a radiation induced change in the quasiparticle number in the superconducting resonator. We show that shift in resonant frequency can be determined from the phase shift by using KID phase versus frequency dependence using a previously measured resonant frequency. Working in this calculated resonant frequency, we gain near linearity and constant calibration to a constant optical signal applied in a wide range of operating points on the resonance and readout powers. This calibration method has three particular advantages: first, it is fast enough to be used to calibrate large arrays, with pixel counts in the thousand of pixels; second, it is based on data that are already necessary to determine KID positions; third, it can be done without applying any optical source in front of the array.Comment: Accepted to Journal of Low Temperature Physics LTD16 Special Issue, Low Temperature Detector 16 Conference Proceedings,manuscript number: #JLTP-D-15-00356R1, 6 pages, 5 figure

Development and Demonstration of Control Strategies for a Common Rail Direct Injection Armoured Fighting Vehicle Engine

The development of a controller which can be used for engines used in armoured fighting vehicles is discussed. This involved choosing a state of the art reference common rail automotive Diesel engine and setting-up of a transient engine testing facility. The dynamometer through special real-time software was controlled to vary the engine speed and throttle position. The reference engine was first tested with its stock ECU and its bounds of operation were identified. Several software modules were developed in-house in stages and evaluated on special test benches before being integrated and tested on the reference engine. Complete engine control software was thus developed in Simulink and flashed on to an open engine controller which was then interfaced with the engine. The developed control software includes strategies for closed loop control of fuel rail pressure, boost pressure, idle speed, coolant temperature based engine de-rating, control of fuel injection timing, duration and number of injections per cycle based on engine speed and driver input. The developed control algorithms also facilitated online calibration of engine maps and manual over-ride and control of engine parameters whenever required. The software was further tuned under transient conditions on the actual engine for close control of various parameters including rail pressure, idling speed and boost pressure. Finally, the developed control strategies were successfully demonstrated and validated on the reference engine being loaded on customised transient cycles on the transient engine testing facility with inputs based on military driving conditions. The developed controller can be scaled up for armoured fighting vehicle engines

Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of plant leaf extract against enteric bacterial pathogens

Punica granatum, a fruit-bearing shrub belonging to the Lythraceae family, offers various benefits to humans, with both its fibers and seeds being valuable. The seeds contain important oil acids such as palmitic, punica, stearic, and oleic acids. In India, P. granatum (pomegranate) leaves have been investigated for their potential antibacterial activity against enteric pathogens. These pathogens are responsible for causing gastrointestinal infections and are often associated with antibiotic resistance. The study aims to explore whether pomegranate leaves possess properties that can combat these enteric pathogens effectively. This research holds promise in identifying a natural and alternative approach to address antibacterial challenges, potentially contributing to the development of novel antimicrobial agents pomegranate is commonly used as a traditional remedy for treating enteric bacterial pathogens. To investigate its antibacterial properties, researchers studied the aqueous extract of P. granatum leaf against enteric pathogens, conducting tests like biochemical examinations and microscopy on the isolates. The phytochemical analysis of P. granatum (pomegranate) leaf aqueous extract revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds. These compounds include amino acids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, and phenols. To evaluate its antimicrobial activity, the researchers used antibiotic discs, including chloramphenicol, vancomycin, and gentamicin, employing the standard Kirby Bauer method. Results showed that vancomycin had the highest zone of inhibition, followed by chloramphenicol and gentamicin, with respective measurements of 20 mm and 19 mm. Chloramphenicol exhibited sensitivity against Escherichia coli (19 mm), while gentamicin showed sensitivity against Salmonella typhi (20 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (19 mm), and E. coli (18 mm). Vancomycin demonstrated sensitivity against S. aureus (21 mm). The aqueous leaf extract displayed significant antibacterial activity at concentrations of 20, 40 mcg, and 60 μg, showing effective zones of inhibition ranging from 15 mm to 22 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, Shigella dysentriae, Proteus vulgaris, and S. typhi. In conclusion, the study established that P. granatum leaf extracts possess remarkable antibacterial properties and contain valuable pharmaceutical bioactive compounds. Due to its efficacy in treating gastrointestinal disorders, it is utilized as a natural remedy in traditional medicine