Regional cutaneous microvascular flow responses during gravitational and LBNP stresses

Due to the regional variability of local hydrostatic pressures, microvascular flow responses to gravitational stress probably vary along the length of the body. Although these differences in local autoregulation have been observed previously during whole-body tilting, they have not been investigated during application of artificial gravitational stresses, such as lower body negative pressure or high gravity centrifugation. Although these stresses can create equivalent G-levels at the feet, they result in distinct distributions of vascular transmural pressure along the length of the body, and should consequently elicit different magnitudes and distributions of microvascular response. In the present study, the effects of whole-body tilting and lower body negative pressure on the level and distribution of microvascular flows within skin along the length of the body were compared

Comparison of Gait During Treadmill Exercise While Supine in Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP), Supine with Bungee Resistance and Upright in Normal Gravity

The purpose of this study is to compare footward forces, gait kinematics, and muscle activation patterns (EMG) generated during supine treadmill exercise against LBNP with the same parameters during supine bungee resistance exercise and upright treadmill exercise. We hypothesize that the three conditions will be similar. These results will help validate treadmill exercise during LBNP as a viable technique to simulate gravity during space flight. We are evaluating LBNP as a means to load the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems without gravity. Such loading should help prevent physiologic deconditioning during space flight. The best ground-based simulation of LBNP treadmill exercise in microgravity is supine LBNP treadmill exercise on Earth because the supine footward force vector is neither directed nor supplemented by Earth's gravity

Rapid assessment of trachoma among children living in rural northern India.

PURPOSE: Rapid assessment of active trachoma in children aged 1-9 years in a previously hyperendemic rural area in Haryana, India. METHODS: Ten disadvantaged villages each with a population of 3000-5000 were chosen by cluster random sampling. One thousand children from 500 households in the most underdeveloped parts of the villages--identified by observation and consultation, between the ages of 1-9 years--were examined for signs of Trachomatous inflammation follicular (TF) and Trachomatous inflammation intense (TI). Assessment was done in a health care unit. Examination of both eyes for signs of trachoma and its complications was done with the aid of binocular loupe (2.5X magnification). Tarsal conjunctival swabs from patients of active trachoma were analyzed by direct immunofluorescence assay and polymerase chain reaction for Chlamydia trachomatis antigen. RESULTS: Forty children (males 21, females 19) had signs of active trachoma that included TF (33) and TI (7). At least one ocular morbidity was present in 69% of all children that were examined. Unclean face carried a 2.70 (confidence interval [CI] = 1.30-5.37) times higher risk and poor ocular hygiene had 2.05 (CI = 1.02-4.11) times higher risk for trachoma infection. Among clinically positive cases, direct immunofluorescence assay and polymerase chain reaction assays were positive in 25% and 10%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Active trachoma is not a public health problem in previously hyperendemic areas of North India

Leveraging a Public–Public Partnership in Los Angeles County to Address COVID-19 for Children, Youth, and Families in Underresourced Communities

There is growing concern about the mental health and social impact of COVID-19 on underresourced children, youth, and families given widespread social disruption, school closures, economic impact, and loss of lives. In this commentary we describe how an existing public-public partnership between a large county mental health department and a state university responded to COVID-19. This partnership, originally designed to address workforce needs, rapidly pivoted to support providers through a trauma- and resilience-informed approach to mitigating adverse mental health effects among youth and families in Los Angeles County. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)