Finding Faulty Functions From the Traces of Field Failures

Corrective maintenance, which rectifies field faults, consumes 30-60% time of software maintenance. Literature indicates that 50% to 90% of the field failures are rediscoveries of previous faults, and that 20% of the code is responsible for 80% of the faults. Despite this, identification of the location of the field failures in system code remains challenging and consumes substantial (30-40%) time of corrective maintenance. Prior fault discovery techniques for field traces require many pass-fail traces, discover only crashing failures, or identify faulty coarse grain code such as files as the source of faults. This thesis (which is in the integrated article format) first describes a novel technique (F007) that focuses on identifying finer grain faulty code (faulty functions) from only the failing traces of deployed software. F007 works by training the decision trees on the function-call level failed traces of previous faults of a program. When a new failed trace arrives, F007 then predicts a ranked list of faulty functions based on the probability of fault proneness obtained via the decision trees. Second, this thesis describes a novel strategy, F007-plus, that trains F007 on the failed traces of mutants (artificial faults) and previous faults. F007-plus facilitates F007 in discovering new faulty functions that could not be discovered because they were not faulty in the traces of previously known actual faults. F007 (including F007-plus) was evaluated on the Siemens suite, Space program, four UNIX utilities, and a large commercial application of size approximately 20 millions LOC. F007 (including the use of F007-plus) was able to identify faulty functions in approximately 90% of the failed traces by reviewing approximately less than 10% of the code (i.e., by reviewing only the first few functions in the ranked list). These results, in fact, lead to an emerging theory that a faulty function can be identified by using prior traces of at least one fault in that function. Thus, F007 and F007-plus can correctly identify faulty functions in the failed traces of the majority (80%-90%) of the field failures by using the knowledge of faults in a small percentage (20%) of functions

The graying of Korea

노트 : A publication of the Korea Economic Institute and the Korea Institute for International Economic Polic

Media Narratives from the Margins: A Framing Analysis of Press Coverage of Conflict-Induced Violence in Indian State Assam

The northeastern state of Assam in India has witnessed long years of armed conflict waged by the ULFA and other militant outfits against the Indian state, and intermittent identity struggles by different ethnic groups and communities demanding greater autonomy and constitutionally guaranteed privileges. The 2000s political landscape of Assam saw several spectacular incidents of violence, of a scale and magnitude that attracted not only national, but also global media attention. This study examines the press coverage of three such spectacular conflictinduced violent events by four frontline English dailies, in order to draw definitive inferences about how the national and the regional press interpreted, constructed and presented these violent incidents in the country's periphery, to their readers. The findings clearly establish the ways in which the press constructs issues from the nation's margins in the way they define events, actors, causes and effects of violent political conflicts

Psychological Evaluation of Sports Persons with Disability

The purpose of the present study was to compare the sensation seeking and anxiety state of sports person with impairment vision problem. The total thirty (15Cricketers and 15 Sprinters) male Open National tournament players were selected for this study. The age of the subjects were ranged between 18 to 25 years. The data on sensation seeking and anxiety state of the subjects were obtained by using a questionnaire developed by Neary and Zuckerman (1976). The t test was used to determine the difference between the mean score of the cricketers and sprinters. Results revealed that there was a significant difference between Cricketers and sprinters in their sensation seeking and anxiety state at 0.05 level of significance with 28 degree of freedom. Study showed that cricketers have higher level of sensation seeking and anxiety state as compared to sprinters. Key Words: Persons with vision impairment, Cricketers, Sprinters, Sensation Seeking and Anxiety State.

Psychological Evaluation of Sports Persons with Disability

The purpose of the present study was to compare the sensation seeking and anxiety state of sports person with impairment vision problem. The total thirty (15Cricketers and 15 Sprinters) male Open National tournament players were selected for this study. The age of the subjects were ranged between 18 to 25 years. The data on sensation seeking and anxiety state of the subjects were obtained by using a questionnaire developed by Neary and Zuckerman (1976). The t test was used to determine the difference between the mean score of the cricketers and sprinters. Results revealed that there was a significant difference between Cricketers and sprinters in their sensation seeking and anxiety state at 0.05 level of significance with 28 degree of freedom. Study showed that cricketers have higher level of sensation seeking and anxiety state as compared to sprinters. Key Words: Persons with vision impairment, Cricketers, Sprinters, Sensation Seeking and Anxiety State

Coincidence of dental midline with facial midline in a sample of Pakistani population

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of coincidence of facial and dental midlines in a sample of Pakistani subjects. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Prosthodontics, Fatima Jinnah Dental College and Hospital, Karachi, from October to December 2017. METHODOLOGY: Subjects of either gender (n=117) were selected from pool of otherwise healthy dental students. Facial portrait photographs using a DSLR camera were obtained while keeping the teeth in maximum inter-cuspation position. Auto-CAD software was used to analyse the coincidence of facial, maxillary and mandibular midlines. SPSS Version 23.0 was used for data analysis. The coincidence of the midlines were determined using Pearson correlation test. Level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: The coincidence of maxilla-mandible midlines was 64.1% (75/117); whereas, coincidence of facial midline with maxillary and mandibular midlines were 47.9% (56/117) and 46.1% (54/117), respectively. Left sided deviations of dental midlines were more frequent than the right side. CONCLUSION: The coincidence of inter-maxillary midlines was seen in two-thirds of the participants only. The dental midlines were coincident with the facial midline in less than half of the sample

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS, OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG SCHOOL GOING ADOLESCENTS AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH LIFESTYLE HABITS

Background: Despite well documented and widely acknowledged health benefits of physical activity (PA), no study has examined the PA levels among the Jammu & Kashmir youth. The decreasing levels of PA and increasing prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among adolescents is a major public health concern. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess the activity levels, prevalence rates of overweight and obesity and to investigate the association between leisure-time activities and dietary habits among adolescents.Methods: A school- based cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 adolescents (14-18 years) from 16 randomly selected schools of Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir. Height, weight, physical activity and other lifestyle habits were determined from self-report. Gender- specific prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were calculated based on Indian Paediatrics Association (IAP) standards. Logistic regression was used to identify association between lifestyle habits and measures of overweight and obesity.Results: Of the total adolescents, 28.1% met the recommended levels of PA of 60 minutes daily, with boys meeting more than girls (41.5% vs 19.5%, p < 0.001). Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity was 11.4% and 2.7%, respectively. Logistic regression unadjusted for gender, age and location of participants shows that the odds of being overweight/obese was more among adolescents who are more involved in sedentary pursuits and consumes higher amounts of junk food and carbonated soft drinks.Conclusion: Low PA levels and substantial prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among the participants were observed. The results also suggest that sedentary behaviours, physical inactivity and erratic food habits are strongly associated with the obesity epidemic.  Article visualizations

The roles of expected profitability, Tobin's Q and cash flow in econometric models of company investment

Evidence that cash flow has a significant effect on company investment spending, after controlling for Tobin's average Q, has often been interpreted as suggesting the importance of financing constraints. Recent work on measurement error in the Q model casts doubt on this interpretation. It is possible that the Q model may not be identified if there are Ѣubbles' in stock market valuations that are both persistent over time and that are correlated with fundamental values. Cash flow may then provide additional information about expected profitability that is not captured by a poorly measured Tobin's average Q variable. We explore this hypothesis empirically using UK panel data on companies for which analysts' earnings forecasts are available from the IBES database. The results point to a severe measurement error in average Q. The paper finds that, controlling for expected profitability using analysts' earnings forecasts, cash flow becomes insignificant. Both sales growth and cash-stock variables do provide additional information, which could either be capturing expectations of profitability at longer horizons, or reflect misspecification of the basic Q model. Results for subsamples do not suggest financing constraints as a likely explanation for these findings.

Teaching the \u27comprehensive dental care\u27 in formative years of education and training: A new model for dental internship

There is a need of a new model of education and training to be implemented in the Bachelors of Dental Surgery curriculum in the relevant Pakistani institutions. The current review article was planned to suggest such a model in the light of literature aimed at building the capacity of dental graduates in a competency-driven approach with the objective of offering safe, efficient and comprehensive care to dental patients. The outcome of the reforms suggested shall prepare dental graduates suitably geared towards providing community-oriented family dental care right from their formative years. Moreover, the suggested internship model can also help to address the issue of inefficiency related to patient-care