Imágenes periodísticas de la inmigración. Aportaciones metodológicas al estudio de la comunicación visual

With the Framing theory as a reference, a content analysis was developed, with Spanish media news photographs and images about immigration as units of analysis. 558 news were selected, 55.44% were press messages and the rest, 44.56%, television news. The aspects studied for each of the images contained in the sample were referred to the presence or absence of the different actors and geographical and physical places in them, and linked to immigration. Using a factorial analysis of these variables, four visual news frames in the immigration news were located and, also, related with the textual news frames of immigration. Results showed the relation between both, making more visible and understandable the transmitted information. Also, we discuss about the role of these frames as a complement of the textual information and its effects on public opinion.Partiendo de los postulados de la teoría del encuadre o framing, se desarrolló un análisis de contenido de las imágenes aparecidas en las noticias españolas sobre inmigración. En total se seleccionaron 588 noticias (55.44% de prensa y 44.56% de televisión). Los aspectos estudiados para cada una de las imágenes de la muestra se refirieron a la presencia o ausencia de los diferentes actores y lugares físicos o geográficos emplazados en ellas. A partir de un análisis factorial de dichas variables se localizaron cuatro encuadres noticiosos visuales, que se pusieron en relación con los encuadres textuales sobre inmigración. Los resultados mostraron la relación entre ambos, haciendo más visible y entendible la información transmitida. Se discute sobre el papel de estos encuadres complementariamente a la información textual y sus efectos sobre la opinión pública

El tratamiento informativo de la inmigración en los medios de comunicación españoles. Un análisis de contenido desde la Teoría del Framing

Adopting the Framing Theory as a basis, news treatment of immigration in Spanish mass media was analyzed, due to the potential role such media might play in the formation of stereotypes and prejudicial attitudes. One week of TV prime-time news and daily newspapers were revised from January to June 2004. 485 units of analysis were obtained. Results show that most of the news refer to negative issues, especially the news frame that links delinquency and immigration. Besides, those news frames are the most highlightened. Futhermore, results also show that television offers news with a higher degree of sensationalism. Eventually, a reflection about the socio-cognitive consequences of this media practice is made because it transforms a social problem into a public one

Transient-Receptor Potential (TRP) and Acid-Sensing Ion Channels (ASICs) in the Sensory Organs of Adult Zebrafish

Sensory information from the aquatic environment is required for life and survival of zebrafish. Changes in the environment are detected by specialized sensory cells that convert different types of stimuli into electric energy, thus originating an organ-specific transduction. Ion channels are at the basis of each sensory modality and are responsible or are required for detecting thermal, chemical, or mechanical stimuli but also for more complex sensory processes as hearing, olfaction, taste, or vision. The capacity of the sensory cells to preferentially detect a specific stimulus is the result of a characteristic combination of different ion channels. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge about the occurrence and localization of ion channels in sensory organs of zebrafish belonging to the superfamilies of transient-receptor potential and acid-sensing ion channels that are involved in different qualities of sensibility superfamilies in the sensory organs of zebrafish. This animal model is currently used to study some human pathologies in which ion channels are involved. Furthermore, zebrafish is regarded as an ideal model to study in vivo the transient-receptor potential ion channels

Nonsurgical Strategies for the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Temporomandibular disorders are common maxillofacial disturbs of different etiologies (traumatic, inflammatory, degenerative, or congenital) that course with pain and dysfunctions of the temporomandibular joint. The treatment of these disorders includes systematically administered drugs (especially nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs and corticoids), physical therapies, and minimally invasive therapies that require intraarticular injections. These techniques are directed to clean or drain the articular cavity, to deliver intraarticularly drugs, biologically active compounds (as platelet-rich plasma), or to enhance lubrication (hyaluronic acid). Moreover, minimally invasive strategies are used in regenerative medicine for to deliver cells and stem cells, and nano- or micro-biomaterials. Surgery of temporomandibular disorders is only used in grave diseases that require arthrodesis or remotion of the temporomandibular joint. This review updates the nonsurgical therapeutic strategies to treat temporomandibular disorders, focusing the attention in the articular delivery or hyaluronic acid and platelet-rich plasma, two minimally invasive widely used at present

Gain-Reconfigurable Hybrid Metal-Graphene Printed Yagi Antenna for Energy Harvesting Applications

This paper presents a hybrid metal-graphene printed Yagi antenna with reconfigurable gain that operates in the 5.5-GHz band. The balun and the driven elements are made of copper, while the directors are made of graphene. The graphene acts as a tunable material in the design. By switching the conductivity of the graphene, it is achieved a similar effect to adding or subtracting directors in the antenna. Hence the gain of the printed Yagi can be easily controlled. This could be of special interest in RF energy harvesting in the design of reconfigurable harvesting elements.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Encuadres noticiosos e inmigración: Un análisis de contenido de la prensa y televisión españolas

La investigación que se presenta en este artículo tiene como objeto la determinación del tratamiento dado por los medios de comunicación españoles (prensa y televisión) al fenómeno de la inmigración. Para ello, se ha realizado un análisis de contenido de los cuatro diarios de tirada nacional y los noticiarios de las cinco cadenas de ámbito estatal. Partimos de la aportación teórica de la Agenda-Setting y la teoría del framing: el estudio de los encuadres noticiosos, así como del estudio de la generación de estereotipos mediáticos. Los resultados señalan diferencias significativas en la cobertura realizada por cada medio de comunicación, siendo más seria la presentación en la prensa y tendiendo la televisión hacia el sensacionalismo. Además, se comprueba cómo los medios presentan una especie de correlación ilusoria al asociar inmigración a problemas de índole social. Junto a ello, se detectó el uso predominante de los encuadres noticiosos de atribución de responsabilidad, interés humano y conflicto para re-construir la información sobre inmigración

Digital viewer for learning regional anaesthesia

[EN]Background. Performing peripheral nerve block is a key element in the curriculum of medical students, in particular, anesthesiologists. Regions considered optimal for performing peripheral nerve blocking have been well documented. However, students and professors show difficulties in both learning and teaching the way to identify and perform regional anesthesia in those regions from ultrasound images. Purpose. This study aims to develop a virtual environment for the simulation of ultrasound exploration of the neck nerves and both the upper and lower limbs for regional anesthesia teaching and learning. Method. Cross sectional images were obtained from Magnetic Resonance Imaging for puncture regions involved in ultrasound-guided nerve block. Results. A three-dimensional digital viewer was developed which allowed the identification of key structures involved in peripheral nerve block in neck, upper and lower limbs. Additionally, a complete list of neuromuscular systems of the arms and legs, involving nerves and muscles, are also displayed for their study. Conclusions. Implications for learning and teaching the ultrasound exploration for regional anesthesia procedures and acquisition of anatomical knowledge are discussed

Sex Differences in Opioid Response Linked to OPRM1 and COMT genes DNA Methylation/Genotypes Changes in Patients with Chronic Pain

Analgesic-response variability in chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) has been reported due to several biological and environmental factors. This study was undertaken to explore sex differences linked to OPRM1 and COMT DNA methylation changes and genetic variants in analgesic response. A retrospective study with 250 real-world CNCP outpatients was performed in which data from demographic, clinical, and pharmacological variables were collected. DNA methylation levels (CpG island) were evaluated by pyrosequencing, and their interaction with the OPRM1 (A118G) and COMT (G472A) gene polymorphisms was studied. A priori-planned statistical analyses were conducted to compare responses between females and males. Sex-differential OPRM1 DNA methylation was observed to be linked to lower opioid use disorder (OUD) cases for females (p = 0.006). Patients with lower OPRM1 DNA methylation and the presence of the mutant G-allele reduced opioid dose requirements (p = 0.001), equal for both sexes. Moreover, COMT DNA methylation levels were negatively related to pain relief (p = 0.020), quality of life (p = 0.046), and some adverse events (probability > 90%) such as constipation, insomnia, or nervousness. Females were, significantly, 5 years older with high anxiety levels and a different side-effects distribution than males. The analyses demonstrated significant differences between females and males related to OPRM1 signalling efficiency and OUD, with a genetic–epigenetic interaction in opioid requirements. These findings support the importance of sex as a biological variable to be factored into chronic pain-management studies

Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Clinical Practice Related to the Treatment of Pain. Influence on the Professional Activity and the Doctor-Patient Relationship

[EN]The increasing relevance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in medical care is indisputable. This evidence makes it necessary to start studies that analyse the scope these new forms of access to information and understanding of medicine have on the professional activity of the physician, on the attitude and on the knowledge of patients or, on the doctor-patient relationship. The purpose of this study is to explore some of these aspects in a group of physicians whose clinical activity is related to one of the greatest social impact health problems which is the treatment of chronic pain. Starting with the completion of a questionnaire, in the study group it is observed that the interaction between social structure, increase of information flows and ICTs generate transformations in social practices and behaviour of the actors of the health system. Internet is confirmed as an information space on the subject, but is shown as an underutilized space of interaction between the doctor and his patient