Study of Inclusive Multi-Ring Events from Atmospheric Neutrinos

The current analysis of atmospheric neutrinos by the Super-Kamiokande Collaboration is based only on fully-contained one-ring events and partially contained events. We show that the up-down ratio of fully-contained, inclusive, multi-ring events gives an independent test of the atmospheric neutrino anomaly, without the need for particle identification. Moreover, this class of events is rich in neutral current events and hence gives crucial information for discriminating between oscillations of \nu_\mu into \nu_{e, \tau} and \nu_s.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX2e, psfig.st

Systematic review and meta-analysis: anxiety and depressive disorders in offspring of parents with anxiety disorders

Objective: We conducted meta-analyses to assess risk of anxiety disorders among offspring of parents with anxiety disorders and to establish whether there is evidence of specificity of risk for anxiety disorders as opposed to depression in offspring, and whether particular parent anxiety disorders confer risks for particular child anxiety disorders. We also examined whether risk was moderated by offspring age, gender, temperament and the presence of depressive disorders in parents. Method: We searched PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science in June, 2016 and July, 2017 (PROSPERO CRD42016048814). Study inclusion criteria: published in peer-reviewed journals; contained at least one group of parents with anxiety disorders and at least one comparison group of parents who did not have anxiety disorders; reported rates of anxiety disorders in offspring, and used validated diagnostic tools to ascertain diagnoses. We used random and mixed-effects models and evaluated study quality. Results: We included 25 studies (7285 offspring). Where parents had an anxiety disorder, offspring were significantly more likely to have anxiety (RR: 1.76, 95% CI = 1.58-1.96) and depressive disorders (RR: 1.31, 95% CI = 1.13-1.52) than offspring of parents without anxiety disorders. Parent Panic Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder appeared to confer particular risk. Risk was greater for offspring anxiety than depressive disorders (RR: 2.50, 95% CI = 1.50-4.16), and specifically for offspring Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Separation Anxiety Disorder and Specific Phobia, but there was no evidence that children of parents with particular anxiety disorders were at increased risk for the same particular anxiety disorders. Moderation analyses were possible only for offspring age, gender and parental depressive disorder; none were significant. Conclusions: Parent anxiety disorders pose specific risks of anxiety disorders to offspring. However, there is limited support for transmission of the same particular anxiety disorder. These results support the potential for targeted prevention of anxiety disorders

The Small Observed Baryon Asymmetry from a Large Lepton Asymmetry

Primordial Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) tightly constrains the existence of any additional relativistic degrees of freedom at that epoch. However a large asymmetry in electron neutrino number shifts the chemical equilibrium between the neutron and proton at neutron freeze-out and allows such additional particle species. Moreover, the BBN itself may also prefer such an asymmetry to reconcile predicted element abundances and observations. However, such a large asymmetry appears to be in conflict with the observed small baryon asymmetry if they are in sphaleron mediated equilibrium. In this paper we point out the surprising fact that in the Standard Model, if the asymmetries in the electron number and the muon number are equal (and opposite) and of the size required to reconcile BBN theory with observations, a baryon asymmetry of the Universe of the correct magnitude and sign is automatically generated within a factor of two. This small remaining discrepancy is naturally remedied in the supersymmetric Standard Model.Comment: 14 page

Dispersive photoluminescence decay by geminate recombination in amorphous semiconductors

The photoluminescence decay in amorphous semiconductors is described by power law $t^{-delta}$ at long times. The power-law decay of photoluminescence at long times is commonly observed but recent experiments have revealed that the exponent, $delta sim 1.2-1.3$, is smaller than the value 1.5 predicted from a geminate recombination model assuming normal diffusion. Transient currents observed in the time-of-flight experiments are highly dispersive characterized by the disorder parameter $alpha$ smaller than 1. Geminate recombination rate should be influenced by the dispersive transport of charge carriers. In this paper we derive the simple relation, $delta = 1+ alpha/2$. Not only the exponent but also the amplitude of the decay calculated in this study is consistent with measured photoluminescence in a-Si:H.Comment: 18pages. Submitted for the publication in Phys. Rev.

Magnetic Field Generation from Self-Consistent Collective Neutrino-Plasma Interactions

A new Lagrangian formalism for self-consistent collective neutrino-plasma interactions is presented in which each neutrino species is described as a classical ideal fluid. The neutrino-plasma fluid equations are derived from a covariant relativistic variational principle in which finite-temperature effects are retained. This new formalism is then used to investigate the generation of magnetic fields and the production of magnetic helicity as a result of collective neutrino-plasma interactions.Comment: 23 page

Electroweak Baryogenesis from Late Neutrino Masses

Electroweak Baryogenesis, given a first order phase transition, does not work in the standard model because the quark Yukawa matrices are too hierarchical. On the other hand, the neutrino mass matrix is apparently not hierarchical. In models with neutrino mass generation at low scales, the neutrino Yukawa couplings lead to large CP-violation in the reflection probability of heavy leptons by the expanding Higgs bubble wall, and can generate the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe. The mechanism predicts new vector-like leptons below the TeV scale and sizable mu -> e processes.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, references adde