Snowden's revelations and the attitudes of students at Swedish universities

Purpose – Mapping of Swedish students' attitudes toward Snowden's revelations and their effects in the political and socio-cultural environment of Sweden. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was answered by 190 Swedish University students. The quantitative responses to the survey were statistically analysed as well as qualitative considerations of free text answers. Findings – Swedish students had a high level of knowledge of Snowden revelations, they actively searched for information, they gave a positive judgement of Snowden's actions and they were willing to follow his example in Sweden but not the US. They trusted their country and most of its institutions and authorities except for secret service agencies and Internet and computer software companies. Practical implications – Design of education for university students, especially in Information Technology programs. Social implications – Developing and applying policies on privacy, surveillance and whistleblowing. Originality/value – This study is part of a bigger international study to map students' attitudes toward Snowden's revelations and their opinions about privacy, surveillance and whistleblowing opening up for cross-cultural analyses. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down

Structure of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state in two-dimensional superconductors

Nonuniform superconducting state due to strong spin magnetism is studied in two-dimensional type-II superconductors near the second order phase transition line between the normal and the superconducting states. The optimum spatial structure of the orderparameter is examined in systems with cylindrical symmetric Fermi surfaces. It is found that states with two-dimensional structures have lower free energies than the traditional one-dimensional solutions, at low temperatures and high magnetic fields. For s-wave pairing, triangular, square, hexagonal states are favored depending on the temperature, while square states are favored at low temperatures for d-wave pairing. In these states, orderparameters have two-dimensional structures such as square and triangular lattices.Comment: 11 pages (LaTeX, revtex.sty), 3 figures; added reference

Tropical Krichever construction for the non-periodic box and ball system

A solution for an initial value problem of the box and ball system is constructed from a solution of the periodic box and ball system. The construction is done through a specific limiting process based on the theory of tropical geometry. This method gives a tropical analogue of the Krichever construction, which is an algebro-geometric method to construct exact solutions to integrable systems, for the non-periodic system.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur

A Remarkably Stable and Simple Monocyclic Thiepin. Synthesis and Properties of 2, 7-Di-tert-butyl-4-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methylthiepin

A simple monocyclic 8n electron thiepin, 2,7-di-tert-butyl-4- -ethoxycarbonyl-5-methylthiepin (13) stabilized by two bulky tert- -butyl groups at 2- and 7-positions, was synthesized from 2,6-di- -tert-butyl-4-methylthiopyrylium tetrafluoroborate (11). In spite of of its monocyclic thiepin structure, the compound 13 showed remarkable thermal stability and had a half-life of 7.1 h at 130 °C. Judging from the 1H-NMR spectrum, the thiepin 13 is considered to be an atropic molecule. Synthetic details of 11 and 13, and the chemical and physical properties of 13 are also described

A Remarkably Stable and Simple Monocyclic Thiepin. Synthesis and Properties of 2, 7-Di-tert-butyl-4-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methylthiepin

A simple monocyclic 8n electron thiepin, 2,7-di-tert-butyl-4- -ethoxycarbonyl-5-methylthiepin (13) stabilized by two bulky tert- -butyl groups at 2- and 7-positions, was synthesized from 2,6-di- -tert-butyl-4-methylthiopyrylium tetrafluoroborate (11). In spite of of its monocyclic thiepin structure, the compound 13 showed remarkable thermal stability and had a half-life of 7.1 h at 130 °C. Judging from the 1H-NMR spectrum, the thiepin 13 is considered to be an atropic molecule. Synthetic details of 11 and 13, and the chemical and physical properties of 13 are also described

Energy from the gauge invariant observables

For a classical solution |Psi> in Witten's cubic string field theory, the gauge invariant observable is conjectured to be equal to the difference of the one-point functions of the closed string state corresponding to V, between the trivial vacuum and the one described by |Psi>. For a static solution |Psi>, if V is taken to be the graviton vertex operator with vanishing momentum, the gauge invariant observable is expected to be proportional to the energy of |Psi>. We prove this relation assuming that |Psi> satisfies equation of motion and some regularity conditions. We discuss how this relation can be applied to various solutions obtained recently.Comment: 27 pages; v5: minor revision in section 2, results unchange

Anomalous In-Plane Anisotropy of the Onset of Superconductivity in (TMTSF)2ClO4

We report the magnetic field-amplitude and field-angle dependence of the superconducting onset temperature Tc_onset of the organic superconductor (TMTSF)2ClO4 in magnetic fields H accurately aligned to the conductive ab' plane. We revealed that the rapid increase of the onset fields at low temperatures occurs both for H // b' and H // a, irrespective of the carrier confinement. Moreover, in the vicinity of the Pauli limiting field, we report a shift of a principal axis of the in-plane field-angle dependence of Tc_onset away from the b' axis. This feature may be related to an occurrence of Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phases.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure