Environmental Study in Elementary Geography in the United Kingdom by Analysis of Geographical School’s Textbook

Environmental education in elementary school in Japan is defined as “Moral Education” by the national curriculum. However, environmental education is one of the most important contents in geographical education. This study aims to clarify the contents in elementary geography in the United Kingdom by analyzing the elementary geographical textbook, in order to develop the basic environmental geographical education. And also we want to know how to educate environmental study in elementary school and how to improve it, from the view point of ESD (“Education for Sustainable Development”). Analyzed the elementary geographical textbooks, we find that it is effective for environmental education in UK to use various activities. All geographical textbooks foster problem solving abilities by using geographical activities and rearing scientific thinking

Compensatory Thrombopoietin Production from the Liver and Bone Marrow Stimulates Thrombopoiesis of Living Rat Megakaryocytes in Chronic Renal Failure

Background/Aims: Decreased thrombopoiesis has been ascribed a role in the pathogenesis of uremic bleeding in chronic renal failure (CRF). However, serum thrombopoietin (TPO) levels are usually elevated in CRF patients, suggesting increased thrombopoiesis. The aim of this study was to determine the thrombopoietic activity in CRF. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats that underwent 5/6 nephrectomy were used as the model of CRF. Age-matched sham-operated rats were used as controls. Single megakaryocytes were isolated from the rat bone marrow, and their size distribution was examined. Megakaryocyte membrane invaginations were monitored by confocal imaging of di-8-ANEPPS staining, and patch clamp whole-cell recordings of membrane capacitance. TPO gene expression was assessed in various tissues. Results: Circulating platelet counts and the number of large megakaryocytes were increased in the bone marrow of CRF rats. Massive di-8-ANEPPS staining and increased membrane capacitance in large megakaryocytes demonstrated increased membrane invaginations. Unaffected Kv1.3-channel currents per cell surface area demonstrated unaltered channel densities. TPO transcription was decreased in the renal cortex but increased in the liver and bone marrow of CRF rats. Conclusion: Increased thrombopoiesis in CRF was thought to be a reactive mechanism to platelet dysfunction. Increased TPO production from the liver and bone marrow compensated for decreased production from damaged kidneys

ダイ6ジ ナンキョク チイキ カンソクタイ ジュウリョク ブモン ホウコク

1956年の南極会議及び国際重力会議の両会議において採択された決議により,第2次南極観測の際に計画された目黒(当時千葉)とMowbray・昭和基地の重力振子による接続のうち,当時氷状不良のために実施できなかったMowbray・昭和基地間の接続が,今回計画実施された.これは,再度採択された1960年の南極会議及び国際地球物理学・測地学連合総会の決議にも基づくものである.また,宗谷の往復航海を利用して目黒・Mowbray間の接続が再度行なわれた.今回は南極観測用として設計製作された装置と,特に重力振子は安全を期して2組使用された.各観測点における測定のうち,1組の振子の観測は昭和基地において時計の不調のために失敗したが,目黒・Mowbrayでは良い結果が得られた.他方の振子の組については順調に観測を終了できた.各測点の位置は次の通りである.目黒 ψ=35°38\u27.6 N λ=139°41\u27.3 E h=28.04m Mowbray ψ=33°57\u27.1 S λ=18°28\u27.1 E h= 38.4 m 昭和基地 ψ= 69°00\u27.3 S λ=39°35\u27.4 E h=14.0m 測定結果は次の通りである.g_=979.7770 galを基準にした場合 g_=979.6471±0.0005gal(振子セットAによる) g_=979.6463±0.0004gal(振子セットDによる) g_=982.5394±0.0005gal(振子セットDによる) g_の値は第2次観測の際の結果とも良く一致している.特に昭和基地重力点については,南極地域には振子による重力観測の例が少ないので,同点は重力基準点として充分利用し得る点であると考えられる.同点には金属標識を設置して今後の使用の便をはかった.なお,Worden重力計を使用して,オングル島内及び宗谷のSingapore停泊中,Singapore・Kuala Lumpur間の接続が行なわれた

Competency of Education for Interntional Understanding: By analyzing Dircke Geography: For Bilingual Classes in Germany

This paper aims to clarify the characteristics of learning units on Education for International Understanding (EIU) and their structure, appropriate geographical teaching materials on EIU, streategies for competence acquisition, and perspectives of ESD within learning units on EIU by analyzing two learning units “Globalisation” and “Global Disparities” in the geography textbook for bilingual lesson ”Diercke Geography: For Bilingual Classes”. The results of the analysis showed that 1)“Globalisation” focuses on the theories of globalisation and “Global Disparities” aims to learn not only theories but also regionl images; 2) Competency is repeatedly acquired through different learning activities ; 3) “Global Disparities” is designed from the viewpoint of “think globally, act locally”

Analysis for the units of regional geography on UK’s geography textbook: The case study of “Geog 4th edition”

In Britain, the volume of “Regional Geography” was decreased in “the National Curriculum”. The aim of this paper is to cralify the contents of “Regional Geography” in Britain. We analyzed the geographical school textbook “Geog 4th edition” by Oxfor University Press. We find that “Geog” has only 2 or 3 case studies in each grade. The students don’t learn all of the world in geographical class. That is because it is important to learn the geographical skill

Education for Disaster Prevention in England : Analysis of Secondary Geography Textbooks

The purpose of this study is to clarify the aims, contents and activities of education for disaster prevention on geographical education in England, by analysis of secondary textbooks. Thereby, we want to contribute the improvement of Japanese geographical education. As a result, we clarified the following: 1) when students study a natural disaster in UK, they learn a plurality of cases including domestic and foreign regions, 2) all textbooks contain activities that students can form attitudes and decide what to do for disaster prevention. On the basis of these results, we suggest improvements of education for disaster prevention. The first is to develop a clear understanding of a natural disaster with multi-area including Japan. The second is to place contents and activities for forming a value relevant to awareness of disaster prevention into Japanese geography textbook. The third is to set an activity to learn practical strategies for disaster prevention in the real world

Geographical Contents in Primary School : An Analysis of the English Geography Textbook “Collins Primary Geography”

In this study, we have analyzed the English geography textbook “Collins Primary Geography”, in order to clarify the characteristics of geographical contents in primary school. Results of this study are as follows: age (grade)-appropriate teaching through different process of leaning (awareness, understanding, cognition and value judgement) and physical, human, environmental geography and topography as a content. However, there are no contents across physical and human geography, one of the features of geography, in the textbook.本稿は，2016年度前期開講の地理認識内容学特講（由井担当）の一部をもとに，加筆・修正を加えたものである

Pendulum Dotermination of the Gravity Differences between Tokyo, Mowbray and Syowa Base

1956年の南極会議及び国際重力会議の両会議において採択された決議により,第2次南極観測の際に計画された目黒(当時千葉)とMowbray・昭和基地の重力振子による接続のうち,当時氷状不良のために実施できなかったMowbray・昭和基地間の接続が,今回計画実施された.これは,再度採択された1960年の南極会議及び国際地球物理学・測地学連合総会の決議にも基づくものである.また,宗谷の往復航海を利用して目黒・Mowbray間の接続が再度行なわれた.今回は南極観測用として設計製作された装置と,特に重力振子は安全を期して2組使用された.各観測点における測定のうち,1組の振子の観測は昭和基地において時計の不調のために失敗したが,目黒・Mowbrayでは良い結果が得られた.他方の振子の組については順調に観測を終了できた.各測点の位置は次の通りである.目黒 ψ=35°38'.6 N λ=139°41'.3 E h=28.04m Mowbray ψ=33°57'.1 S λ=18°28'.1 E h= 38.4 m 昭和基地 ψ= 69°00'.3 S λ=39°35'.4 E h=14.0m 測定結果は次の通りである.g_=979.7770 galを基準にした場合 g_=979.6471±0.0005gal(振子セットAによる) g_=979.6463±0.0004gal(振子セットDによる) g_=982.5394±0.0005gal(振子セットDによる) g_の値は第2次観測の際の結果とも良く一致している.特に昭和基地重力点については,南極地域には振子による重力観測の例が少ないので,同点は重力基準点として充分利用し得る点であると考えられる.同点には金属標識を設置して今後の使用の便をはかった.なお,Worden重力計を使用して,オングル島内及び宗谷のSingapore停泊中,Singapore・Kuala Lumpur間の接続が行なわれた