Environmental dependence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission at z~0.8. Investigation by observing the RX J0152.7-1357 with AKARI

We study the environmental dependence of the strength of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission by AKARI observations of RX J0152.7-1357, a galaxy cluster at z=0.84. PAH emission reflects the physical conditions of galaxies and dominates 8 um luminosity (L8), which can directly be measured with the L15 band of AKARI. L8 to infrared luminosity (LIR) ratio is used as a tracer of the PAH strength. Both photometric and spectroscopic redshifts are applied to identify the cluster members. The L15-band-detected galaxies tend to reside in the outskirt of the cluster and have optically green colour, R-z'~ 1.2. We find no clear difference of the L8/LIR behaviour of galaxies in field and cluster environment. The L8/LIR of cluster galaxies decreases with specific-star-formation rate divided by that of main-sequence galaxies, and with LIR, consistent with the results for field galaxies. The relation between L8/LIR and LIR is between those at z=0 and z=2 in the literature. Our data also shows that starburst galaxies, which have lower L8/LIR than main-sequence, are located only in the outskirt of the cluster. All these findings extend previous studies, indicating that environment affects only the fraction of galaxy types and does not affect the L8/LIR behaviour of star-forming galaxies.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for Publication in A&

Evaluation of water film by reynolds' equation in deep drawing using high-pressured water jet

The authors had proposed a deep drawing method using high-pressured jet waters as lubricant. This method aimed to suppress the usage of oil or other chemical lubricants, which might require some additional processes for lubricant removal and become a nuisance in environment. The conditions had been determined through trial and error approach without knowing water behaviors as lubricant. As a result, some scars and dimples were observed on the surface of deformed cup. In the present paper, a numerical model was composed for the evaluation of the water behaviors as lubricant. Darcy-Weisbach equation was used for evaluation of pressure drop between nozzle exit and pump, while Reynolds' equation was used for the thin film of fluid between the die and blank. The data of blank deformation in FEM was considered for the determination of the thickness distribution of the fluid film. The characteristics of the water were evaluated by the composed numerical method, and the results were used for examination of lubrication characteristics in experiments

Deblurring galaxy images with Tikhonov regularization on magnitude domain

We propose a regularization-based deblurring method that works efficiently for galaxy images. The spatial resolution of a ground-based telescope is generally limited by seeing conditions and much worse than space-based telescopes. This circumstance has generated considerable research interest in restoration of spatial resolution. Since image deblurring is a typical inverse problem and often ill-posed, solutions tend to be unstable. To obtain a stable solution, much research has adopted regularization-based methods for image deblurring, but the regularization term is not necessarily appropriate for galaxy images. Although galaxies have an exponential or Sersic profile, the conventional regularization assumes the image profiles to behave linear in space. The significant deviation between the assumption and real situation leads to blurring the images and smoothing out the detailed structures. Clearly, regularization on logarithmic, i.e. magnitude domain, should provide a more appropriate assumption, which we explore in this study. We formulate a problem of deblurring galaxy images by an objective function with a Tikhonov regularization term on magnitude domain. We introduce an iterative algorithm minimizing the objective function with a primal-dual splitting method. We investigate the feasibility of the proposed method using simulation and observation images. In the simulation, we blur galaxy images with a realistic point spread function and add both Gaussian and Poisson noises. For the evaluation with the observed images, we use galaxy images taken by the Subaru HSC-SSP. Both of these evaluations show that our method successfully recovers the spatial resolution of the images and significantly outperforms the conventional methods. The code is publicly available from the Github ( https://github.com/kzmurata-astro/PSFdeconv_amag ).Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ. The code is available at https://github.com/kzmurata-astro/PSFdeconv_ama

術後看護における家族との情報共有に関連したケア

本研究は術後早期のケア場面における手術を受けた患者の家族に対する看護師の情報共有とそれに関連したケアの内容を明らかにし，手術を受けた患者の家族に対する情報共有を基盤とした看護ケアのあり方を検討することである．研究対象者は術後早期の患者のケアを行う看護師８名であり，半構造化面接とケア場面の参加観察を行った．収集したデータは質的帰納的に分析を行った．その結果，手術を受けた患者の家族に対する看護師の情報共有に関連したケアとして，【術後早期に家族が情報を得られるように面会を調整する】【家族の患者に関する情報の理解や受け止めを捉える】【不安な家族に配慮した情報提供を心がける】【術後早期の患者の状態に関する情報提供を行う】【患者や家族を理解するために多角的に情報収集を行う】【術後早期の患者と家族を情報共有でつなぐ】【情報不足でネガティブになりがちな家族を気にかける】が明らかになった．看護師は家族に対して術後の様々な場面で情報提供を行っており，看護師が捉えた家族の心理状態を考慮して実施されていた．また，看護師は術後のケアを通して，術後の家族のネガティブな発言や行動を気にかけており，術前の入院期間の短縮化による家族との関わりの希薄さや緊張する場面でのケア実施が影響していると考えられた．看護実践において，看護師自らが情報収集および情報共有の必要性を認識し，限られた時間の中で患者や家族の状態の把握に努めるとともに，家族へ提供し，共有する情報の質保証の必要性が示唆された．This study aimed to understand the early postoperative care activities of nurses, such as sharing information with the families of patients who have undergone surgery, and about nursing care based on information sharing with these families. The study participants were eight nurses in charge of care for early postoperative patients. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observations of care activities. Data were analyzed qualitatively and inductively. We identified the following categories related to the care activities of nurses in sharing information with the families of postoperative patients : ‘arranging family visits at the early postoperative stage so that the families can obtain necessary information’, ‘perceiving understanding by and thoughts of the families about the postoperative patients’, ‘trying to provide relevant information considering the feelings of the anxious families’, ‘providing information related to the patient conditions at the early postoperative stage’, ‘collecting information from various points of view to understand the families’, ‘connecting the patients and their families by sharing information’, and ‘caring about the families who are likely to feel negatively due to any lack of information’. The nurses provided information for the families in various postoperative situations by considering their psychological state. Furthermore, nurses cared about negative behavior and remarks of the families throughout postoperative care, suggesting that this is influenced by a weak relationship with the family due to the shortened preoperative hospitalization period and by the fact that nurses feel tension in providing care. These findings suggest the necessity that nurses ensure the quality of information provided for and shared with families while making efforts to understand the situation of patients and their families in the limited amount of time with awareness of the necessity of having to collecting and sharing information by themselves

Demolition of Reinforced Concrete by Steam Pressure Cracking System

The authors developed an environment-friendly demolition mechanical system for a large reinforced concrete structure for an actual site. The steam pressure cracking agent (SPC, non-explosive) is a method that can safely and quickly separate concrete because it produces lesser vibration and sound than the blasting method, which uses explosives. The authors showed that the direction of cracking can be controlled by an induction hole. The principle of control is that the elastic wave of the compression stress generated from the SPC reaction changes to a tensile elastic wave at the induction hole, which initiates a crack. Furthermore, in the SPC method, a large amount of concrete powder generated by the explosion method was not produced, and there was no risk of secondary contamination by fine concrete powder. The area over which the crack propagated depends on the energy generated from the SPC. The relationship between the two is linear. For reinforced concrete, the energy of the SPC is used for both the destructive energy of the concrete and the energy of the cutting of the reinforcing steel bar, which quickly breaks with low energy. By applying an SPC to dismantle large reinforced concrete structures, controlled cracking can be achieved safely and quickly without any environmental pollution. A fracturing method using a SPC is an effective method for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants and the dismantling of concrete structures. In this report, we report a remote drilling system that can be used to remotely install loading holes and guiding holes for the SPC and perform effective controlled fracturing

Elastic Wave Property of Concrete Decomposed by Steam Pressure Cracking Agent

A steam pressure cracking (SPC) agent is a method that can dismantle concrete safely and quickly. In previous studies, the authors showed that the direction of the crack could be controlled by the tensile stress at the induction holes and not by the compressive stress at the SPC hole. We demonstrate that the compression elastic wave changes to a tensile wave when the wave is reflected at the free surface of the induction hole. We also examined the properties of the concrete by developing an elastic wave measuring system that is difficult to break down even in high-temperature, wet, and radiation environment. The elastic wave velocity change in the four concrete types was less than 4%. It was found that the standard deviation value, σ, changed four times. Therefore, it is possible to determine the deterioration of the internal structure of concrete using the standard deviation value σ, which indicates the dispersion of the elastic wave velocity

Controlled Cracking of Large Size Concrete Structures by a Steam Pressure Cracking Agent

The dismantling of large concrete structures causes environmental pollution due to the dispersion of polluted micro-particles. The purpose of this study is to develop an environmentally friendly demolition method. Steam pressure cracking (SPC) is a method that can safely and quickly separate concrete because there is less vibration compared to the explosion method. To date, the authors have shown that the direction of cracking in a small sample can be controlled by an induction hole. The principle of control is that the elastic wave of compression stress generated from the SPC reaction changes to a tensile elastic wave at the induction hole, and a crack is initiated. In this study, it was shown that the direction of crack propagation can be controlled by using induction holes in large concrete structures that are 1m on each side. Further, in the SPC method, the large amount of concrete powder generated by the explosion method is not produced, and there is no risk of secondary contamination by fine concrete powder. It was also possible to separate small pieces from the end face of the large concrete by SPC and induction holes. The area over which the crack propagated depends on the energy generated from the SPC agent, and the relationship was linear. By applying an SPC agent to dismantling large concrete structures, we can achieve controlled cracking safely and quickly without any environmental pollution.&nbsp