Studies of IDRC supported research on greywater in Jordan conducted by INWRDAM

Compilation of greywater studies and reports on policy, economic feasibility, health impacts and reuse quality guidelines and the Aqaba Declaration on greywater useThe Inter-Islamic Network on Water Resources Development and Management based in Amman, Jordan (INWRDAM) (www.inwrdam.org) has been involved since February 2000 in greywater research activities in Jordan. These activities were funded mainly by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) in Ottawa, Canada. The Government of Jordan, the private sector and greywater users as households and beneficiaries also supported some of these activities. INWRDAM also conducted training on applications for greywater use in Jordan and at a regional level. These training activities were supported by various international organizations among which were the Islamic Development Rank in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, IDRC, the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and others

Final technical report covering INW activities for project period from February 2004 to October 2007 : greywater treatment and use for poverty reduction in Jordan (Phase II)

The project accomplished the set goal and objectives and resulted in scaling up of greywater use practices in Al Amer Villages in the Governorate of Karak. The accomplished work is relative to what was possible to achieve under ne prevailing conditions in the project area. The project resulted in significant improvements in design of low cost greywater treatment methods that are suitable for rural low income households and resulted in governmental policy directions that encourage greywater use in rural home gardens. As a result of the project activities 110 low income households in the Al Amer villages in Karak Governorate are practicing sustainable greywater applications. Thus, the project succeeded in the introduction of comprehensive greywater use practices; greywater recovery and treatment, permaculture principles and local capacity for operation and maintenance

Empiric Usage of “Anti-Pseudomonal” Agents for Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections

Hospital-acquired urinary tract infection (HAUTI) is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections, and over 80% of HAUTI are catheter-associated (CAUTI). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as other non-glucose fermenting Gram negative organisms (NGFGN, e.g., Acinetobacter baumannii), are frequently covered empirically with “anti-Pseudomonals” being administered for every HAUTI (and CAUTI). However, this common practice was never trialed in controlled settings in order to quantify its efficacy and its potential impacts on hospitalization outcomes. There were 413 patients with HAUTI that were included in this retrospective cohort study (2017–2018), 239 (57.9%) had CAUTI. There were 75 NGFGN infections (18.2% of HAUTI, 22.3% of CAUTI). P. aeruginosa was the most common NGFGN (82%). Despite multiple associations per univariable analysis, recent (3 months) exposure to antibiotics was the only independent predictor for NGFGN HAUTI (OR = 2.4, CI-95% = 1.2–4.8). Patients who received empiric anti-Pseudomonals suffered from worse outcomes, but in multivariable models (one for each outcome), none were independently associated with the empiric administration of anti-Pseudomonals. To conclude, approximately one of every five HAUTI (and CAUTI) are due to NGFGN, which justifies the practice of empiric anti-Pseudomonals for patients with HAUTI (and CAUTI), particularly patients who recently received antibiotics. The practice is not associated with independent deleterious impacts on outcomes