Role of Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors in Renal Colic Pain Reduction and Improvement: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials

Renal colic is an irritating condition that develops after obstruction of the ureter. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors are types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that have beneficial role in treatment various diseases. Hence, this systematic review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors as painkiller in renal colic pain management. The present systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statements. Until September 2022, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched using the relevant keywords including “Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors”, “Parecoxib”, “Celecoxib”, “Rofecoxib”, “Renal Colic Pain” and “Ureteral Colic Pain”. Of 64 identified records through database searching, 6 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected for this systematic review. The sample size in RCTs were between 53 and 338. The range of subject’s age was from 18 to 69. Overall, the evidence of this review revealed that the selective COX-2 inhibitors particularly celecoxib and parecoxib could alleviate renal colic pain in most of the studies through decreasing relevant pain score. Overall, selective COX-2 inhibitors seem to be effective in alleviating renal colic pain. However, further high quality assessments are required for demonstrating therapeutic role of selective COX-2 inhibitors against renal colic pain.             Keywords: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Non-Steroidal; Renal Colic; Pain Management

TiO2/PEG as smart anticorrosion and drug-eluting platforms in inflammatory conditions

The failure of a titanium implant is often attributed to inflammatory reactions following implantation. This study focuses on the synthesis of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) layer on porous titanium dioxide (TiO2) coatings using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). This PEG layer serves as a foundation for a drug-eluting platform designed to respond to pH stimuli during inflammation. Betamethasone (BET), a widely used anti-inflammatory drug, was loaded onto the pH-responsive functional PEG layers. The application of the PEG-BET layer onto TiO2 coatings through the vacuum dip coating method resulted in a pH-sensitive sustained release of BET over a 30-day period. Notably, the release rates were 81% at pH 5.0 and 55% at pH 7.2. Electrochemical corrosion tests conducted in both normal and acidic inflammatory solutions demonstrated that duplex composite coatings offer superior protection compared to simple oxide coatings. In a pH 5.0 solution, corrosion current density measurements revealed values of 1.75 μA cm−2 (PEO/PEG-BET), 8.87 μA cm−2 (PEO), and 49.17 μA cm−2 (bare titanium). These results highlight the effectiveness of the PEO/PEG-BET layer in sealing pores within PEO coatings, subsequently reducing the infiltration of corrosive ions in inflammatory environments

Optimization of thermal biofuel production from biomass using CaO-based catalyst through different algorithm-based machine learning approaches

Optimization of biofuel production from algal oil through utilizing a CaO-based catalyst was carried out in this study. The optimal point for the highest yield of the reactions was determined using machine learning. To implement the optimization task, and to make predictions, we used three different methods, including Quantile regression, Logistic regression, and Gradient Boosted Decision Trees. The regression problem includes the amount of Catalyst, Reaction time, and Methanol/oil as input features, and FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) yield is the single output. We tuned the boosted version of these models with their important hyper-parameters and selected their best combination. Then different standard metrics are employed to assess their performance of them. Considering R2 score, Quantile regression, Logistic regression, and Gradient Boosted Decision Trees have error rates of 0.934, 0.996, and 0.998, and with MAE, they have 1.94, 1.68, and 1.17 errors, respectively. Also, Considering MAPE 2.14×10-2, 1.89×10-2, and 1.29×10-2 values obtained. Gradient Boosting is selected as the most appropriate model finally. Furthermore, the optimal output value with the proposed approach is 97.50, with the input vector being (x1 = 153, x2 = 0.625, x3 = 20)

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted removal of crystal violet dye, Cu(II), and Cd(II) ions by magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles using central composite design

In this study, magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (CFO NPs) were fabricated by coprecipitation method for the removal of crystal violet (CV), Cu(II) and Cd(II) from environmental water samples in batch mode. This study investigated the effect of CFO NPs on the removal of CV, Cu(II), and Cd(II) using the response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). For this purpose, batch experiments were designed and performed to evaluate the effect of variables such as pH, adsorbent amount, sonication time, and concentration of pollutants using RSM. Under optimal conditions (ultrasound time of 17 min, pollutant concentration of 15 mg L−1, CFO NPs amount of 0.24 g, and pH = 6), the removal efficiency was achieved in the range of 95.86–99.82%. Evaluating the reusability of the CFO NPs showed that the CFO NPs adsorbent can be reused for up to 5 cycles while maintaining its high efficiency in removing CV, Cu(II) and Cd(II). The removal efficiency of CV, Cu(II) and Cd(II) was obtained in the range of 91.68–97.59% for real samples. Overall, the results revealed that CFO NPs adsorbent has a high ability to remove CV, Cu(II) and Cd(II) from different water samples

Single or combined consumption of resveratrol and the probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus attenuate the effects of crowding stress on growth, immune characteristics, and antioxidant defense in the common carp, (Cyprinus carpio)

In the present study, dietary resveratrol (RE) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAB) were individually or combined added to the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to protect against crowding stress. Fish (30.16 ± 0.7; Mean ± SE) were randomly allocated to seven groups in three replicates, as follows: T1: basic food as control, T2: LAB with a concentration of 1.5 × 107 CFU/g, T3: LAB with a concentration of 3 × 107 CFU/g, T4: 300 mg resveratrol/kg, T5: 600 mg resveratrol/kg, and T6: 1.5 × 107 CFU/g + 300 mg resveratrol/kg and T7: 3 × 107 CFU/g + 600 mg resveratrol/kg. After 60 days feeding, the supplemented fish had the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The activities of amylase, protease and lipase were noticed markedly higher in fish supplemented with 1.5 × 107 CFU/g + 300 mg resveratrol/kg and 1.5 × 107 CFU/g diets compared to the control (P < 0.05). Generally, fish in supplemented diets, particularly T2 and T6 groups, had the highest lysozyme, alternative complement activity (ACH50), total immunoglobulin (Ig), nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), complement component 3 (C3), complement component 4 (C4), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose, cortisol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) when were compared with the control before crowding stress (P < 0.05). After crowding stress challenge, fish in the supplemented groups, particularly T2 and T6, generally showed significantly higher values of lysozyme, ACH50, total Ig, NBT, MPO, C3, C4, SOD, CAT, GPx and lower levels of MDA, glucose, cortisol, ALT, ALP, LDH when compared with the control (P < 0.05). Also, recovered fish in the control group demonstrated significantly declined levels of lysozyme, ACH50, total Ig, NBT, MPO, C3, C4, SOD, CAT, GPx and higher levels of MDA, glucose, cortisol, ALT, ALP, LDH as compared to other group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a combined administration of RE and LAB effectively improved growth performance and health status as well as protected common carp against crowding stress