Hydrochemistry of Groundwater in AL Jallam Desert, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq

The present paper assesses the hydrochemistry of groundwater in AL JALLAM desert and its suitability for human consumption and irrigation. Nine groundwater samples were taken, and they were analyzed for major ions to determine the Piper diagram and Gibbs plot. The results showed that the evaporation process is the primary control of the water quality in the study area. Water Quality Index (WQI) method was utilized to assess the suitability of water for human consumption, whereas different geochemical parameters were used to evaluate the irrigation suitability. Generally, the groundwater in the study area is not suitable for drinking and irrigation. Based on cluster analysis (CA), it was found that two levels of pollution levels in the AL JALLAM desert

Assessment of Tigris River Water Quality Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques

The present study uses the multivariate statistical techniques by applying the Factor Analysis (Principle component method) to explain the observed water quality data of Tigris river within Baghdad city. The water quality was analyzed at eleven different sites, along the river, over a period of one year (2017) using 20 water quality parameters. Five factors were identified by factor analysis which was responsible from the 72.291% of the total variance of the water quality in the Tigris river. The first factor called the pollution factor explained 34.387% of the total variance and the second factor called the surface runoff and erosion factor explained 11.875% of the total variance. While, the third, fourth, and fifth factors explained 10.213%, 8.861% and 6.956% of the total variance and called pH, Silica and nutrient factors, respectively. Multivariate statistical techniques can be effective methods to aid water resources managers understand complex nature of water quality issues and determine the priorities to sustain water quality

Assessment of Tigris River Water Quality Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques

The present study uses the multivariate statistical techniques by applying the Factor Analysis (Principle component method) to explain the observed water quality data of Tigris river within Baghdad city. The water quality was analyzed at eleven different sites, along the river, over a period of one year (2017) using 20 water quality parameters. Five factors were identified by factor analysis which was responsible from the 72.291% of the total variance of the water quality in the Tigris river. The first factor called the pollution factor explained 34.387% of the total variance and the second factor called the surface runoff and erosion factor explained 11.875% of the total variance. While, the third, fourth, and fifth factors explained 10.213%, 8.861% and 6.956% of the total variance and called pH, Silica and nutrient factors, respectively. Multivariate statistical techniques can be effective methods to aid water resources managers understand complex nature of water quality issues and determine the priorities to sustain water quality.</jats:p

Assessment of potable water quality in Balad city, Iraq

Abstract The assessment of the quality of tap water is very important to explore its fit for drinking, especially for developing countries. In the present paper, tap water quality evaluation has been carried out in the Balad city, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. A total of 17 tap water samples were collected from the city and analysed for various physicochemical and biological parameters, namely, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total hardness (TH), calcium magnesium, chloride and total coliform (TC). Suitability of water for drinking was evaluated based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and Iraqi standards. Spot maps were also generated using GIS to identify the spatial distribution of tap water quality parameters. The results revealed that the tap water is fit for drinking purpose regarding bacteriological pollution. Physicochemical parameters concentration of water samples were within standards except for turbidity. This parameter was highly exceeding the limits (5 NTU) in all tap water samples. Generally, tap water in the Balad city may pose risks to the health of people using it for drinking purposes. Moreover, cluster analysis revealed that the distribution system might affect the quality of tap water in the study area.</jats:p

Hydrochemistry and water quality of shallow groundwater in the Tikrit area of Salah Al Din Province, Iraq

Abstract Salah Al-Din Provence is an active agriculture and population region. One of its primary water sources is groundwater, which suffers from a lack of information regarding water quality and hydrochemistry. In order to study those missing variables, 27 samples from wells of shallow tubes were collected for analyzing the relevant physicochemical indices that help to produce the Schoeller index, Piper diagram, and Gibbs plot. Piper diagram revealed a hydrochemistry behavior of different values along with the groundwater samples. The chemistry of wells was controlled primarily by the evaporation process according to the Gibbs plot. The values of the Schoeller index of the studied samples stated that 59% of them have disequilibrium in Chloro-Alkaline due to their negative obtained values while the rest of them produced positive estimates, which indicates an exchange reaction of cation–anion basic domination. It was concluded that carbonate and silicate weathering, as well as evaporation, controlled the region’ s hydrochemistry. Using Water Quality Index, groundwater was evaluated for use as drinking water. While using Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Sodium percentage, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Magnesium Hazard, and US salinity diagram were all used for estimating the same water’ s suitability for irrigation. All of those indicators, as well as the Gibbs ratio, show that all 27 samples were unsuitable for both studied usage. In addition, those results indicate that evaporation is a major problem for groundwater in this area. Finally, using cluster analysis it was concluded that there are two types of similarities that indicate different levels of pollution in groundwater