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Not AvailableThe comparative assessment of genetic diversity using allozymes, ran dom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and microsatellite markers was con ducted in endemic and endangered yellow catfish (Horabagrus brachysoma) sampled from three locations in Western Ghats river systems of India. Among the three markers, microsatellites show more polymorphism, having 100% polymorphic loci, whereas allozymes show the least (56%). In RAPD, 60.5% of fragments were polymorphic. Observed heterozygosity and FST values were very high in micro satellites, compared with the other markers. Microsatellite and RAPD markers reported a higher degree of genetic differentiation than allozymes among the populations depicted by pairwise FST/GST, AMOVA, Nei’s genetic distance, and UPGMA dendrogram. The three classes of markers demonstrated striking genetic differentiation between pairs of H. brachysoma populations. The data emphasize the need for fishery management, conservation, and rehabilitation of this speciesNot Availabl