Trace elements in magnetite from massive iron oxide-apatite deposits indicate a combined formation by igneous and magmatic-hydrothermal processes

Iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits are an important source of iron and other elements (e.g., REE, P, U, Ag and Co) vital to modern society. However, their formation, including the namesake Kiruna-type IOA deposit (Sweden), remains controversial. Working hypotheses include a purely magmatic origin involving separation of an Fe-, P-rich, volatile-rich oxide melt from a Si-rich silicate melt, and precipitation of magnetite from an aqueous ore fluid, which is either of magmatic-hydrothermal or non-magmatic surface or metamorphic origin. In this study, we focus on the geochemistry of magnetite from the Cretaceous Kiruna-type Los Colorados IOA deposit (~350. Mt Fe) located in the northern Chilean Iron Belt. Los Colorados has experienced minimal hydrothermal alteration that commonly obscures primary features in IOA deposits. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) transects and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) wavelength-dispersive X-ray (WDX) spectrometry mapping demonstrate distinct chemical zoning in magnetite grains, wherein cores are enriched in Ti, Al, Mn and Mg. The concentrations of these trace elements in magnetite cores are consistent with igneous magnetite crystallized from a silicate melt, whereas magnetite rims show a pronounced depletion in these elements, consistent with magnetite grown from an Fe-rich magmatic-hydrothermal aqueous fluid. Further, magnetite grains contain polycrystalline inclusions that re-homogenize at magmatic temperatures (>850. °C). Smaller inclusions (500. ppm) concentrations

New structures to solve aggregated queries for trips over public transportation networks

Representing the trajectories of mobile objects is a hot topic from the widespread use of smartphones and other GPS devices. However, few works have focused on representing trips over public transportation networks (buses, subway, and trains) where a user's trips can be seen as a sequence of stages performed within a vehicle shared with many other users. In this context, representing vehicle journeys reduces the redundancy because all the passengers inside a vehicle share the same arrival time for each stop. In addition, each vehicle journey follows exactly the sequence of stops corresponding to its line, which makes it unnecessary to represent that sequence for each journey. To solve data management for transportation systems, we designed a conceptual model that gave us a better insight into this data domain and allowed us the definition of relevant terms and the detection of redundancy sources among those data. Then, we designed two compact representations focused on users' trips (TTCTR) and on vehicle trips (AcumM), respectively. Each approach owns some strengths and is able to answer some queries efficiently. We include experimental results over synthetic trips generated from accurate schedules obtained from a real network description (from the bus transportation system of Madrid) to show the space/time trade-off of both approaches. We considered a wide range of different queries about the use of the transportation network such as counting-based or aggregate queries regarding the load of any line of the network at different times.Comment: This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie Actions H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 BIRDS GA No. 69094

Un índice de sustentabilidad para la evaluación integral de los sistemas de gestión del agua y el saneamiento

En este trabajo se presenta un índice para la evaluación de la sustentabilidad de los sistemas de gestión del agua y el saneamiento. El índice, denominado ISAS (Índice de Sustentabilidad del Agua y el Saneamiento) se basa en un marco conceptual que considera que la sustentabilidad se debería ver como una combinación de aspectos territoriales, temporales y personales. Para la construcción del ISAS se seleccionaron un conjunto de indicadores de sustentabilidad que fueron definidos en función del marco conceptual adoptado. El ISAS se utilizó para evaluar la sustentabilidad del sistema de gestión del agua y el saneamiento de la ciudad de Salta, Argentina. Los indicadores fueron calculados con información de revisiones bibliográficas, cuestionarios, visitas, talleres, datos estadísticos, y análisis de muestras de agua y aguas residuales. El método fue lo suficientemente sensible como para detectar variaciones entre diferentes aspectos del sistema estudiado. Fue también relativamente independiente de la cantidad y la calidad de la información disponible. En el caso de Salta, el valor obtenido para el ISAS fue de 51 puntos en una escala de 0 a 100 cuyo umbral de aceptabilidad se estableció en 50 puntos. El cálculo del ISAS permitió identificar una serie de aspectos del sistema que requieren mejoras y optimización. Este índice puede ser una herramienta útil para evaluar y mejorar la sustentabilidad de los sistemas de gestión del agua y el saneamiento en la región.A comprehensive sustainability index for the assessment of water and sanitation management systems (WSMS) is presented. The index was based on a conceptual framework that perceives sustainability as a combination of territorial, temporal, and personal aspects. A set of sustainability indicators was selected in agreement with this framework, and the “Water and Sanitation Sustainability Index” (WASSI) was built. The WASSI was then used to assess the sustainability of the WSMS of the city of Salta, Argentina. Indicators were calculated with information gathered by several means including literature reviews, questionnaires, visits, sampling, and participatory workshops. The index was sensitive to detect variations between different aspects of the local WSMS. It was also relatively independent of the quantity and quality of the information available. In the case of Salta, the value obtained for the index was 51 points in a scale going from 0 to 100 in which the acceptability threshold was set at 50 points. The WASSI could be a useful tool to assess and improve the sustainability of regional water and sanitation management systems.Fil: Seghezzo, Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Iribarnegaray, Martín Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Liberal, V. I.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Copa, F. R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Guerra Munizaga, M. S.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: León, H. E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Ruíz, C. Y.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentin

Compact Trip Representation over Networks

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46049-9_23[Abstract] We present a new Compact Trip Representation ( CTRCTR ) that allows us to manage users’ trips (moving objects) over networks. These could be public transportation networks (buses, subway, trains, and so on) where nodes are stations or stops, or road networks where nodes are intersections. CTRCTR represents the sequences of nodes and time instants in users’ trips. The spatial component is handled with a data structure based on the well-known Compressed Suffix Array ( CSACSA ), which provides both a compact representation and interesting indexing capabilities. We also represent the temporal component of the trips, that is, the time instants when users visit nodes in their trips. We create a sequence with these time instants, which are then self-indexed with a balanced Wavelet Matrix ( WMWM ). This gives us the ability to solve range-interval queries efficiently. We show how CTRCTR can solve relevant spatial and spatio-temporal queries over large sets of trajectories. Finally, we also provide experimental results to show the space requirements and query efficiency of CTRCTR .Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; TIN2013-46238-C4-3-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad; TIN2013-47090-C3-3-PMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad; IDI-20141259Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; ITC-20151305Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; ITC-20151247Xunta de Galicia; GRC2013/053Chile.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico; 1140428Chile. Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería ; FBO 1

Significance of K-Ar dating of very low-grade metamorphism in Triassic-Jurassic pelites from the Coastal Range of central Chile

El artículo original ha sido publicado por la Mineralogical Society disponible en: http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/clay.htmlK-Ar isotopic dating of very low-grade metamorphism affecting Triassic-Jurassic rocks in the Coastal Range of central Chile was carried out on whole rocks and their <2 mm size fractions. In the study area, a regional-burial low-grade metamorphism at anchizone conditions (T ≤ 190ºC) and low-pressure conditions (P ≥1.3 kbar) has been described. Observed temperatures are related to a contact metamorphism produced by nearby Jurassic intrusions, with a P-T estimate at the immediate contact zone of ~650-690ºC and 4 kbar. The whole-rock K-Ar age of 174?5 Ma is interpreted as belonging to the contact metamorphism due to the intrusion of Jurassic plutons (165±5 Ma to 175±5 Ma). A time-interval of ~20 Ma between the diagenesis (206 Ma) and the anchizonal very low-grade metamorphism (181-184 Ma) is obtained, and a rate of subsidence of ~120 m/Ma is proposed for these Triassic-Jurassic basins. A thermal influence on the burial, very low-grade, regional metamorphism is invoked.Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrologí

Un índice de sustentabilidad para la evaluación integral de los sistemas de gestión del agua y el saneamiento

En este trabajo se presenta un índice para la evaluación de la sustentabilidad de los sistemas de gestión del agua y el saneamiento. El índice, denominado ISAS (Índice de Sustentabilidad del Agua y el Saneamiento) se basa en un marco conceptual que considera que la sustentabilidad se debería ver como una combinación de aspectos territoriales, temporales y personales. Para la construcción del ISAS se seleccionaron un conjunto de indicadores de sustentabilidad que fueron definidos en función del marco conceptual adoptado. El ISAS se utilizó para evaluar la sustentabilidad del sistema de gestión del agua y el saneamiento de la ciudad de Salta, Argentina. Los indicadores fueron calculados con información de revisiones bibliográficas, cuestionarios, visitas, talleres, datos estadísticos, y análisis de muestras de agua y aguas residuales. El método fue lo suficientemente sensible como para detectar variaciones entre diferentes aspectos del sistema estudiado. Fue también relativamente independiente de la cantidad y la calidad de la información disponible. En el caso de Salta, el valor obtenido para el ISAS fue de 51 puntos en una escala de 0 a 100 cuyo umbral de aceptabilidad se estableció en 50 puntos. El cálculo del ISAS permitió identificar una serie de aspectos del sistema que requieren mejoras y optimización. Este índice puede ser una herramienta útil para evaluar y mejorar la sustentabilidad de los sistemas de gestión del agua y el saneamiento en la región.A comprehensive sustainability index for the assessment of water and sanitation management systems (WSMS) is presented. The index was based on a conceptual framework that perceives sustainability as a combination of territorial, temporal, and personal aspects. A set of sustainability indicators was selected in agreement with this framework, and the “Water and Sanitation Sustainability Index” (WASSI) was built. The WASSI was then used to assess the sustainability of the WSMS of the city of Salta, Argentina. Indicators were calculated with information gathered by several means including literature reviews, questionnaires, visits, sampling, and participatory workshops. The index was sensitive to detect variations between different aspects of the local WSMS. It was also relatively independent of the quantity and quality of the information available. In the case of Salta, the value obtained for the index was 51 points in a scale going from 0 to 100 in which the acceptability threshold was set at 50 points. The WASSI could be a useful tool to assess and improve the sustainability of regional water and sanitation management systems.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Latin American Thyroid Society Recommendations For The Management Of Thyroid Nodules [recomendações Da Sociedade Latino-americana De Tireoide No Manejo De Nódulos Tireoideos]

Several guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules and cancer have recently been published. However, recommended practices are not always appropriate to different settings or countries. The aim of this consensus was to develop Clinical Guidelines for evaluation and management of patients with thyroid nodules applicable to Latin American countries. The panel was composed by 13 members of the Latin American Thyroid Society involved with research and management of thyroid nodules and cancer from different medical centers in Latin America. The consensus was produced based on the expert opinion of the panel with use of principles of evidence-based medicine. Following a group meeting, a first draft based on the expert opinion of the panel was elaborated and later circulated among panel members for further revision. After revision, this document was submitted to all LATS members for commentaries and considerations and finally revised and refined by the authors. The final recommendations represent state of the art on management of thyroid nodules applied to all Latin American countries. © ABE&M todos os direitos reservados.53911671175Villena, J., Pretell, E., Bocio nodular tóxico en pacientes de zonas yodo deficientes y de la costa (1991) Rev Méd Hered, 2 (4), pp. 149-155Villena, J., Ferrufino, J.C., Klinge, G., Nódulo tireoideo frio. Características clínicas y anatomopatológicas en pacientes migrantes de zonas con deficiencia de yodo y de la costa (1993) Rev Méd Hered, 4 (4), pp. 188-193Harach, H.R., Ceballos, G.A., Thyroid cancer, thyroiditis and dietary iodine: A review based on the Salta, Argentina model (2008) Endocr Pathol, 19 (4), pp. 209-220Pretell, E.A., Delange, F., Hostalek, U., Corigliano, S., Barreda, L., Higa, A.M., Iodine nutrition improves in Latin America (2004) Thyroid, 14 (8), pp. 595-604Harach, H.R., Franssila, K.O., Wasenius, V.M., Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. A "normal" finding in Finland. A systematic autopsy study (1985) Cancer, 56 (3), pp. 531-538Rosai, J., Livolsi, V.A., Sobrinho-Simoes, M., Williams, E.D., Renaming papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid gland: The Porto proposal (2003) Int J Surg Pathol, 11 (4), pp. 249-251Hay, I.D., Grant, C.S., van Heerden, J.A., Goellner, J.R., Ebersold, J.R., Bergstralh, E.J., Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: A study of 535 cases observed in a 50-year period (1992) Surgery, 112 (6), pp. 1139-1146Jukkola, A., Bloigu, R., Ebeling, T., Salmela, P., Blanco, G., Prognostic factors in differentiated thyroid carcinomas and their implications for current staging classifications (2004) Endocr Relat Cancer, 11 (3), pp. 571-579Passler, C., Scheuba, C., Prager, G., Kaczirek, K., Kaserer, K., Zettinig, G., Prognostic factors of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: Differences in an iodine-replete endemic goiter region (2004) Endocr Relat Cancer, 11 (1), pp. 131-139Rossi, R., Roti, E., Trasforini, G., Pansini, G., Cavazzini, L., Zatelli, M.C., Differentiated thyroid cancers 11-20 mm in diameter have clinical and histopathologic characteristics suggesting higher aggressiveness than those ≤ 10 mm (2008) Thyroid, 18 (3), pp. 309-315Curtis, R.E., Rowlings, P.A., Deeg, H.J., Shriner, D.A., Socie, G., Travis, L.B., Solid cancers after bone marrow transplantation (1997) N Engl J Med, 336 (13), pp. 897-904Sippel, R.S., Caron, N.R., Clark, O.H., An evidence-based approach to familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer: Screening, clinical management, and follow-up (2007) World J Surg, 31 (5), pp. 924-933Pacini, F., Pinchera, A., Giani, C., Grasso, L., Doveri, F., Baschieri, L., Serum thyroglobulin in thyroid carcinoma and other thyroid disorders (1980) J Endocrinol Invest, 3 (3), pp. 283-292Niccoli, P., Wion-Barbot, N., Caron, P., Henry, J.F., de Micco, C., Saint Andre, J.P., Interest of routine measurement of serum calcitonin: Study in a large series of thyroidectomized patients. The French Medullary Study Group (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82 (2), pp. 338-341Gagel, R.F., Hoff, A.O., Cote, G.J., Medullary thyroid carcinoma (2005) Werner and Ingbar's the Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text, pp. 967-988. , In: Lewis E, Robert D, Sidney H, Sidney C, (Eds)., Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and WilkinsPapini, E., Guglielmi, R., Bianchini, A., Crescenzi, A., Taccogna, S., Nardi, F., Risk of malignancy in nonpalpable thyroid nodules: Predictive value of ultrasound and color-Doppler features (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87 (5), pp. 1941-1946Camargo, R.Y., Tomimori, E.K., Knobel, M., Medeiros-Neto, G., Preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules: Role of ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration biopsy followed by cytology (2007) Clinics, 62 (4), pp. 411-418Kang, H.W., No, J.H., Chung, J.H., Min, Y.K., Lee, M.S., Lee, M.K., Prevalence, clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of thyroid incidentalomas (2004) Thyroid, 14 (1), pp. 29-33Shimura, H., Haraguchi, K., Hiejima, Y., Fukunari, N., Fujimoto, Y., Katagiri, M., Distinct diagnostic criteria for ultrasonographic examination of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A multicenter study (2005) Thyroid, 15 (3), pp. 251-258Cappelli, C., Castellano, M., Pirola, I., Cumetti, D., Agosti, B., Gandossi, E., The predictive value of ultrasound findings in the management of thyroid nodules (2007) Qjm, 100 (1), pp. 29-35Holden, A., The role of colour and duplex Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of thyroid nodules (1995) Australas Radiol, 39 (4), pp. 343-349Papini, E., Guglielmi, R., Bianchini, A., Crescenzi, A., Taccogna, S., Nardi, F., Risk of malignancy in nonpalpable thyroid nodules: Predictive value of ultrasound and color-Doppler features (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87 (5), pp. 1941-1946Chammas, M.C., Gerhard, R., de Oliveira, I.R., Widman, A., de Barros, N., Durazzo, M., Thyroid nodules: Evaluation with power Doppler and duplex Doppler ultrasound (2005) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 132 (6), pp. 874-882Frates, M.C., Benson, C.B., Doubilet, P.M., Cibas, E.S., Marqusee, E., Can color Doppler sonography aid in the prediction of malignancy of thyroid nodules? 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(2004) Diagn Cytopathol, 31 (5), pp. 307-312Niepomniszcze, H., Garcia, A., Faure, E., Castellanos, A., del Carmen Zalazar, M., Bur, G., Long-term follow-up of contralateral lobe in patients hemithyroidectomized for solitary follicular adenoma (2001) Clin Endocrinol (oxf), 55 (4), pp. 509-513Alcantara-Jones, D.M., Araujo, L.M., Almeida, A.M., Jones, D.A., Cardoso, L.J., Passos, M.C., Percutaneous ethanol injection for the treatment of thyroid nodules (2006) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol, 50 (1), pp. 97-104Lippi, F., Ferrari, C., Manetti, L., Rago, T., Santini, F., Monzani, F., Treatment of solitary autonomous thyroid nodules by percutaneous ethanol injection: Results of an Italian multicenter study. 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Desarrollo de una metodología integral para la evaluación de la sustentabilidad del sistema de gestión del agua y el saneamiento en Salta, Argentina

Este trabajo presenta resultados de un proyecto cuyo objetivo es el desarrollo de una metodología integral para evaluar la sustentabilidad del Sistema de Gestión del Agua y el Saneamiento (SGAS) en Salta, Argentina. El proyecto se basa en una noción de sustentabilidad que enfatiza los aspectos territoriales, temporales y personales del desarrollo. Esta noción se considera superadora del tradicional triángulo de la sustentabilidad formado por economía, ambiente, y sociedad. Una partecentral del método desarrollado es la identificación y medición de indicadores de sustentabilidad. Los indicadores se construyen siguiendo seis criterios específicos o “descriptores” del sistema de gestión (cobertura, cantidad, calidad, contaminación, consumo, y ciudadanía). A modo de ejemplo, se presentan los primeros resultados obtenidos para la construcción de un “Índice de Sustentabilidad Institucional” (ISI) vinculado al descriptor “Ciudadanía”. Un análisis similar seaplicará al resto de los descriptores para obtener un índice de sustentabilidad global del SGAS estudiado.In this paper we present results from a research project aiming to the development of an integral method for assessing the sustainability of Water and Sanitation Management Systems (WSMS) in Salta, Argentina. The conceptual framework upon which the method was built is based on a notion of sustainability that emphasizes the territorial, temporal, and personal aspects of development. This notion was considered an improvement of the traditional sustainability triangle formed by economy, environment, and society. A core part of the method is the identification and measurement of sustainability indicators according to six specific criteria or “descriptors” (coverage, quantity, quality, pollution, consumption, and citizenship). As an example, we present results on the construction of an “Institutional Sustainability Index” (ISI) related to descriptor “Citizenship”. A similar analysis will be applied to the remaining descriptors in order to obtain a global sustainability index for the entire WSMS studied.Fil: Iribarnegaray, Martín Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; ArgentinaFil: Copa, F. R.. Ministerio de Ciencia. Tecnología e Innovación Productiva. Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; ArgentinaFil: Dominguez, R. S.. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Guerra Munizaga, M. S.. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: León, H. E.. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Moreno Solá, A. L.. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, C. Y.. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Liberal, V. I.. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Seghezzo, Lucas. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentin