Impact of Promotion Mix on Consumer Product Perception

Limited time exercises have turned into the most basic device to oversee. For the most part organizations are utilizing distinctive limited time exercises to contend on household, national and global levels. There are diverse limited time devices which are being utilized by various association to advance their items and administrations. Each apparatus conveys its own particular complexity and fascination energy to make the mindfulness and to impact the buyers purchasing practices. Different special exercises put a powerful effect on the buyer discernment when he goes to buy an item. The significant target of any association's special exercises is to impact the view of client about the brand. To accomplish this goal, associations fabricate a one of a kind picture in the brain of purchaser through item situating. Advertising blend and limited time blend both equally affect buyer recognition. There are four noteworthy publicizing instruments which are incorporated into special blend. The primary device is publicizing through TV or radio and so forth second is close to home offering. third is deals advancement and last is advertising. It is seen the purchaser recognition about any brand is incredibly impact through the business advancement of the brand. Distinctive instruments of offers advancement like coupons, diverse item shows and free examples assume a critical part to impact the purchaser recognition. Deal advancement is a most ideal approach to dispatch another brand in new market or existing business sector. In showcasing blend, the cost has a decent association with the purchaser's recognition. For the most part purchasers feel that high or low costs of the item choose about its quality. Diverse socioeconomic factors like age. Wage, training, sex and control of shoppers additionally impact the purchaser observation about various brands. Existing paper investigates the ideas about the effect of various limited time instruments on the view of buyer talked about in various examinations. The information is assembled through the poll and study devices. Both arbitrary and nonrandom examining is utilized for the information investigation. Factual apparatuses are utilized for the translation of results. The discoveries of current examination demonstrate a solid effect of special instruments on purchaser observation about a brand. Keywords: Promotional Mix, Advertising, Sales advancement, Personal Selling, Public Relation Consumer Perceptio

Impact of Cash Dividends and Retained Earnings on Stock Price A Comparative Study of High and Low Growth of Firms

“The purpose of this study is to examine the empirical relationship between cash dividend, retained earnings and the stock prices. Different non- financial firms listed in Pakistan stock exchange are selected for this analysis over the period from 2009 to 2013. The balanced panel data is used to examine the relationship between cash dividend, retained earnings and the stock prices. The results of this study shows that in low growth firms there is a negative relationship between dividend yields per share and stock price and there is also negative relationship between retained earnings and stock price. And the results of this study also shows that in high growth firms there is a negative relationship between dividend yield per share and stock price and there is a positive relationship between retained earnings and stock price. This study contribute to the existing literature of Pakistan because this area is uncovered”

Efficacy of Allopurinol in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Given current evidence, the use of allopurinol for the prevention of major cardiovascular events (acute cardiovascular syn-drome (ACS) or cardiovascular mortality) in patients undergoing cor-onary artery bypass graft (CABG), after index ACS or heart failure remains unknown. Methods: Multiple databases were queried to identify studies com-paring the efficacy of allopurinol in patients undergoing CABG, after ACS or heart failure. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) was calculated using a random effect model. Results: A total of nine studies comprising 850 patients (allopurinol 480, control 370) were identified. The pooled OR of periprocedural ACS (OR: 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06 - 0.96, P = 0.05) and cardiovascular mortality (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.07 - 0.71, P = 0.01) was significantly lower in patients receiving allopurinol during CABG compared to patients in the control group. The overall number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one ACS event was 11 (95% CI: 7 - 28), while the NNT to prevent one death was 24 (95% CI: 13 - 247). By contrast, the odds of cardiovascular mortality in the allopurinol group were not significantly different from the control group in pa-tients on long-term allopurinol after ACS or heart failure (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.01 - 8.21, P = 0.50) and (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.39 - 3.20, P = 0.83), respectively. Similarly, the use of allopurinol did not reduce the odds of recurrent ACS events at 2 years (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.03 - 3.18, P = 0.33). Conclusions: Periprocedural use of allopurinol might be associated with a significant reduction in the odds of ACS and cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing CABG. Allopurinol, however, offers no long-term benefits in terms of secondary prevention of ACS or mortality. Larger scale studies are needed to validate our findings

Hypercalcemia related to ectopic vitamin D production from a dysgerminoma

Introduction While malignancy associated hypercalcemia is a common finding among 20% to 30% of adult patients with breast cancer, lung cancer and multiple myeloma, it happens in less than 5% of female genital tract malignancies. [1] The three most common mechanisms associated with hypercalcemia are: local osteolytic hypercalcemia, humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) caused by the parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), and other humoral factors including prostaglandin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), osteoclast activating factor and transforming growth factor (TGF). PTHrP and 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D (1, 25 Vit D) have been reported as humoral factors for dysgermininoma. [2] Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) can be caused by ectopic paraneoplastic production of 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D due to hyperactivity of 1 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme.https://jdc.jefferson.edu/abingtonposters/1001/thumbnail.jp

Meta-Analysis Comparing Culprit-Only Versus Complete Multivessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients with concomitant multivessel coronary artery disease is associated with poor prognosis. We sought to determine the merits of percutaneous coronary intervention of the culprit-only revascularization (COR) compared with multivessel revascularization (MVR) approach. Multiple databases were queried to identify relevant articles. Data were analyzed using a random-effect model to calculate unadjusted odds ratio (OR) and relative risk. A total of 28 studies comprising 26,892 patients, 18,377 in the COR and 8,515 in the MVR group were included. The mean age of patients was 63 years, comprising 72% of male patients. The baseline characteristics of the 2 treatment groups were comparable. On a median follow-up of 1-year, COR was associated with a significantly higher odds of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; OR 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10 to 1.70, p = 0.005), angina (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.83 to 2.85, p ≤ 0.00001) and revascularization (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.54, p = 0.002) compared with patients undergoing MVR for STEMI. The all-cause mortality (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.53, p = 0.22), cardiovascular mortality (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.72, p = 0.07), rate of heart failure (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.59, p = 0.31), need for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.82 to 2.64, p = 0.19), repeat myocardial infarction (MI) events (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.64, p = 0.15) and risk of stroke (OR 1.27 95% CI 0.68 to 2.34, p = 0.45%) were similar between the two groups. A subgroup analysis based on follow-up duration and study design mostly followed the results of the pooled analysis except that the risk of repeat MI events were significantly lower in the MVR group across RCTs (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.94, p = 0.009). In contrast to the culprit-only approach, MVR in patients with STEMI is associated with a significant reduction in MACE, angina and need for revascularization