Modelación hidrológica e hidráulica de un río intraurbano en una cuenca transfronteriza con el apoyo del análisis regional de frecuencias

Las inundaciones se encuentran entre los peligros naturales más recurrentes y devastadores, al afectar vidas humanas y causar graves daños económicos en todo el mundo. Las regiones áridas y semiáridas son particularmente vulnerables a tormentas intensas en periodos cortos debido a que provocan inundaciones súbitas. Estas regiones representan un 30% del área mundial y están habitadas por 20% de la población. El objetivo principal del presente estudio es estimar la tormenta de diseño para los periodos de retorno de 20, 50, 100 y 500 años en la región semiárida de la subcuenca del Río Nuevo, a fin de determinar las áreas de inundación del cauce principal. Se propone un modelo integrado, que consiste en desarrollar un acoplamiento del modelo hidrológico e hidráulico para diferentes periodos de retorno, alimentados con un Análisis Regional de Frecuencia (ARF), utilizando el enfoque de los L-momentos, empleando los programas HEC-HMS y HEC-RAS. Las áreas de inundación obtenidas de 190.55 a 237.83 ha y profundidades desde 0.10 hasta 6.0 metros comprometen la infraestructura urbana de la ciudad. Los resultados de esta investigación pueden ser utilizados por organismos encargados de la planeación urbana para disminuir riesgos de inundación

Export competitiveness of mexican dried chile

In this paper we study the behavior of the competitiveness that Mexico has shown, in their dried chilli exports during the period 1993-2009, by obtaining the relative strength index of exports and applying the method of analysis constant market share, the results obtained show that exports of dried chile in Mexico have grown strongly, with a highly variable growth trend, moreover competitiveness indices are in an acceptable range, but that could be improved, and which is currently ranked 14th in the exporting country, considering that in 1993, 1995 and 1998 came to be in sixth place, it provides information for a possible change in public policy to support this sector and a framewor

Allocation of Groundwater Recharge Zones in a Rural and Semi-Arid Region for Sustainable Water Management: Case Study in Guadalupe Valley, Mexico

Around the world, groundwater constitutes approximately 94% of the total volume of freshwater, providing a wide range of economic and environmental services. In Baja California, Mexico, groundwater provides around 60% of the required demand and has become an essential source for agriculture, industry and domestic use. Particularly, in the Guadalupe Valley, in the municipality of Ensenada, the development of diverse activities depends on the water stored in the aquifer. Among these activities, agroindustry stands out; due to its high value, it represents a regional development factor. The objective of this research consisted of identifying potential aquifer recharge sites as tools for the planning process for regional socio-economic development. The study consisted of four fundamental parts: (1) Compilation and identification of entry data of the recharge model; (2) identification and evaluation of the sites that have a greater or lesser capacity of water recharge, using a geographic information system (GIS); (3) comparison of the model results with the piezometric data of two wells in the study area and their relationship with precipitation events; (4) finally, the development planning instruments of the study area were identified, and the relevance of the present study as a planning tool was evaluated. The results obtained showed that 16.31% and 3.64% of the area presents a high and very high recharge potential, respectively. This article is useful for the authorities and users to develop projects for aquifer recharge in the Guadalupe Valley

Labels for Emergency Response Imagery from Hurricane Florence, Hurricane Michael, and Hurricane Isaias

The csv files contain&nbsp;human-generated labels for Emergency Response Imagery collected by US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) after Hurricane Florence (2018), Hurricane Michael (2018) and Hurricane Isaias (2020). All authors contributed to labeling the imagery. All labeling was done with an open-source labeling tool (Rafique et al., 2020). All csv files provide&nbsp;the userID (the ID of the anonymous labeler), the NOAA flight, the NOAA image, and 6 labels &mdash; allWater (if the image was all water), devType (if the image had buildings/development), washoverType (if the image had washover deposits), dmgType (if the image showed damage to built environment), impactType (if the labeler could identify the coastal impact, using the Storm Impact Scale from Sallenger, 2000), and terrainType (the type of physical environment). Images labeled here correspond to 3 NOAA flights &mdash; Florence 20180917a , Michael 20181011a, Isaias 20200804a. These images can be downloaded directly from NOAA (https://storms.ngs.noaa.gov/) or using Moretz et al. (2020a, 2020b). There are three csv files: ReleaseData_v3.csv has 6200 labels&nbsp;for 1500 images. These labels were generated by trained coastal scientists. ReleaseDataQuads.csv has 400 labels for 100 images. These labels were generated by trained coastal scientists. The images labeled in this set correspond to original NOAA images that have been split into quadrants. Splitting images was done with ImageMagick. The command used to split the images was:`magick mogrify -crop 2x2@ +repage -path ../quadrants *.jpg` The naming convention corresponds to the image quarter &mdash; the *-0.jpg is upper left, *-1.jpg is upper right, *-2.jpg is lower left, and *-3.jpg is the lower right. ReleaseDataNCE.csv has 400 labels for 100 images. These images were labeled by non-coastal scientists. Note that the 100 images were also labeled by coastal scientists &mdash; those labels can be found in ReleaseData_v3.csv. There is another companion dataset to this, with slightly different labels (Goldstein et al., 2020) </span