Post Peak Behavior of Carbonated Concrete Structure - A Case Study of the Former Shime Mining Office Vertical Derrick in Japan

This paper is a report on the investigation results of the Former Shime Mining Office Vertical Derrick, which was built in 1943 and was 75 years old at the time of the investigation. The building suffered from serious deterioration including rebar corrosion, which led to large area of concrete spalling. In this report, aggregation data of concrete spalling has been presented along with the investigation results of cover thickness. According to the investigation results, concrete spalling occurred in places where cover thickness was less than 25 mm. And According to the aggregation data, concrete spalling flakes increased by approximately 200 pieces per year, with the average size of 10 cm in diameter. Also, a possible relation between concrete spalling and rainfall was observed during the investigation. Equations using the proportion of wet area affected by rainfall to estimate the area of spalling are proposed, although the value of empirical coefficientαneeds further discussion, including collecting data from other buildings where spalling occurs

Effects of Proteolytic Digestion on the Control Mechanism of Ciliary Orientation in Ciliated Sheets from Paramecium

Volume: 10Start Page: 267End Page: 27

Outer dynein arm light chain 1 is essential for controlling the ciliary response to cyclic AMP in Paramecium tetraurelia

The individual role of the outer dynein arm light chains in the molecular mechanisms of ciliary movements in response to second messengers, such as Ca(2+) and cyclic nucleotides, is unclear. We examined the role of the gene termed the outer dynein arm light chain 1 (LC1) gene of Paramecium tetraurelia (ODAL1), a homologue of the outer dynein arm LC1 gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, in ciliary movements by RNA interference (RNAi) using a feeding method. The ODAL1-silenced (ODAL1-RNAi) cells swam slowly, and their swimming velocity did not increase in response to membrane-hyperpolarizing stimuli. Ciliary movements on the cortical sheets of ODAL1-RNAi cells revealed that the ciliary beat frequency was significantly lower than that of control cells in the presence of ≥1 mM Mg(2+)-ATP. In addition, the ciliary orientation of ODAL1-RNAi cells did not change in response to cyclic AMP (cAMP). A 29-kDa protein phosphorylated in a cAMP-dependent manner in the control cells disappeared in the axoneme of ODAL1-RNAi cells. These results indicate that ODAL1 is essential for controlling the ciliary response by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation