Incarcerated foreign body in the vagina of a postmenopausal lady

Vaginal foreign bodies retained for long duration are uncommon in present day scenario. When a female presents with recurrent foul smelling vaginal discharge, foreign body should be suspected. Here is a report of foreign body in the vagina of a postmenopausal lady

Influence of placental position on obstetric morbidity in placenta previa

Background: In placenta previa, the placenta occupies lower uterine segment and is likely to separate during pregnancy, resulting in significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. It has been well studied as the degree of placenta previa increases, the risk of bleeding also increases. However, there are few studies regarding configuration of placenta in relation to uterine wall (anterior, posterior or lateral) and associated complications. The primary purpose of this retrospective cohort study is to examine the whether the location of placenta in relation to lower uterine segment during caesarean delivery influences development of bleeding complications necessitating various surgical interventions. The secondary objective was to study various factors such as preterm delivery, fetal growth restriction, perinatal deaths and postpartum haemorrhage in relation to location of placenta.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 89 patients with placenta previa with ultrasonographically mapped placenta over a period of 5 years. The subjects were further categorized into anterior, posterior and lateral group depending upon location of placenta in relation to uterine wall. Differences between age, parity, history of previous caesarean delivery, antepartum haemorrhage, preterm deliveries, foetal growth restriction, perinatal deaths, operative complications and surgical interventions, placenta accreta and postpartum haemorrhage were studied and also were compared to traditional classification of placenta previa in relation to internal cervical ostium. The statistical analysis of the data was performed according to Pearson Chi-square test, one way ANOVA test using SPSS Software.Results: The overall incidence of placenta previa was 1.01%. Placental location was anterior in 23 women (25.8%), posterior in 49 women ((55%) and lateral in 17 (19.1%). No significant differences were found in these groups regarding age, gestational age at delivery, parity, previous history of caesarean delivery, incidence of antepartum and postpartum haemorrhage. Need for surgical interventions such as uterine artery ligation, internal iliac artery plication, caesarean hysterectomy was not specific any type of placenta previa. 39.1% of anterior, 40% of posterior and 35.2% of lateral placenta previa received blood component therapy and this variation was not statistically significant. The overall perinatal mortality was 45/1000 live births and mortality rate did not vary significantly in any of the groups.Conclusions: It is difficult to assign a maternal or perinatal morbidity risk to a particular type of placental location. The need for specialized surgical intervention such as uterine / internal iliac artery ligation, peripartum hysterectomy can arise irrespective of placental location, whether underneath the surgical incision (anterior), proximity to main uterine trunks (lateral) or encountered after the delivery of the baby (posterior). Pregnancies complicated by placenta previa must be delivered in the hospitals having expertise of senior and skilled surgeons and well equipped blood bank and good neonatal intensive care unit

Incarcerated foreign body in the vagina of a postmenopausal lady

Vaginal foreign bodies retained for long duration are uncommon in present day scenario. When a female presents with recurrent foul smelling vaginal discharge, foreign body should be suspected. Here is a report of foreign body in the vagina of a postmenopausal lady