A study of intrauterine fetal death in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Intrauterine fetal death is a major obstetrical complication and a devastating experience for parents as well as obstetricians. If the causes of IUFD can be found, an effective strategy for prevention of IUFD can be formed and maternal complications can thus be prevented. This study aims at identifying the various causes, etiological factors and complications of IUFD.Methods: Prospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital from 1st January 2016 to 31st July 2017.Results: Total number of deliveries during the study period was 3944 and still birth was 170. Still birth percentage was 4.31.Majority of patient belonged to maternal age group of 21-30 year of age that is 138 out of 170 around  68.5%. Only 8.82% of patients presenting with IUFD were having more than three antenatal visits. Among 61 cases (35.8%) cause was not identified while 109 cases cause was identified. Hypertensive disorder contributed to major cause of IUFD i.e. 34 out of 170 (20%) Maternal complications like hypovolemic shock occurred in 13 out of 170 (7.6%), Acute Renal failure 7 out of 170 (4.11), Sheehan syndrome. Maternal mortality was 3 out of 170 cases.Conclusions: Despite availability of modern interventions like ultrasonography, Non stress test, majority of the causes of IUFD remains unknown. Early diagnosis and delivery is important in cases of IUFD to prevent various complications like septicaemia, acute renal failure, DIC, hypovolemic shock etc

Study of clinicoradiological and functional outcomes in intraarticular distal end radius fractures managed by volar locking plate

Background: Various modalities of fixation are available for management of distal end radius fractures. Assessment of the functional and radiological outcomes of intra-articular distal end radius fractures managed with volar locking plate was attempted with the present study.Methods: In this prospective interventional study, thirty adult patients with closed distal radius fractures with intra-articular extension were comprehensively evaluated and managed. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) was performed via volar approach (modified Henry`s approach) using 2.7mm volar locking compression plates (LCPs). Patients were followed up at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after surgery. The patients were evaluated functionally by Mayo score and radiologically by Lidstrom classification.Results: There were 18 (60%) patients having excellent, 8 (26.7) good, 2 (6.7%) fair and 2 (6.7%) with poor result according to Mayo scoring. According to Lidstrom scoring, at the last follow up, 16 (53.3%) patients had excellent, 11 (36.7%) patients good, 2 (6, 7%) patients fair and 1 (3.3%) patient had poor result. The functional status of the patient improved significantly from at 1month (20±3.47) to 6 months post-operative follow up (23.67±2.91). The mean range of motion improved significantly at 1 month, 6 months and last post-operative follow-up.Conclusions: Volar locking plate gives good to excellent clinico-radiological and functional outcomes in most of the fractures of the distal end radius with intraarticular extension

Study of maternal and neonatal outcome in teenage pregnancy

Background: Teenage is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. According to WHO, the period of teenage extends from 11-19 years. The objective of the present study was to find out the incidence and to evaluate the effect of pregnancy in teenage girls (13-19 years) and its maternal and neonatal outcome.Methods: Prospective observational cohort study, the duration from 1st January 2016 to 31st July 2017.Results: 216 teenage patients were studied; however medical termination and abortions were excluded as the study includes both maternal & neonatal outcome. 3944 pregnant patients were admitted for delivery and abortion related care. Out of this, pregnant adolescents were 216. Proportion of adolescent pregnancy was 5.47%. 170(78.7%) were booked, 32 (14.81%) were unmarried, while 50 (23.1%) were literate. Primigravida were 189 (87.5%) & multigravida was 27 (12.5%).39 (18.05%) were Anemic, Preterm labour occurred in 14 (6.5%) & PROM occurred in 41 (18.9%) patients. Preeclampsia and Eclampsia occurred in 27 (12.5%) and 14 (6.5%) respectively. There were 176(81.48%) normal vaginal deliveries.36 (16.66%) had Lower Segment Caesarean Section; commonest indication being Cephalopelvic disproportion (25%) & 4(1.85%) were instrumental deliveries 53 (24.3%) babies required admission at Neonatal Intensive care unit. Low Birth weight babies were 15 (28.3%).Conclusions: - Early ANC registration and good antenatal care with effective intrapartum & postpartum monitoring along with contraceptive advice on discharge help reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity & mortality associated with teenage pregnancy. However, it is evident that teenage pregnancy rates could be reduced by effective measures like sex education in schools, community-based programs, widespread awareness about contraception

Digital Transformation in Insurance Sector

New technologies allow for a significant increase in efficiency, effectiveness and a reduction of costs. The life insurance industry in India has undergone massive changes since 2000 when the industry was liberalized. The future looks interesting for the industry with changes in the way business is conducted and the customer-friendly measures that have been put in place. Due to new entrants, changing consumer behaviors, and technological innovations need to innovate new business model in insurance. These papers discuss how insurers can use the digitization opportunity to deliver greater value to their customers and gain a competitive advantage. Insurers can engage more intensely with existing customers and attract newer customers with innovative products, improve both profitability and growth

COCRYSTALIZATION: AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH FOR SOLID MODIFICATION

To give detail view of cocrystal formation with their application in providing suitable approach for optimization of physical properties.  Cocrystallization involves alteration in molecular assemblies and composition of pharmaceutical substance and which ultimately results in enhancing physical properties. Cocrystals contains API and pharmaceutically acceptable coformer. Cocrystals are molecular complex brings about changes in solubility, bioavailability and stability in pharmaceutical designing without interacting with therapeutic utility. Cocrystals are compared with other solid modification techniques which are generally used in development of pharmaceutical compounds. Cocrystals can be prepared with several methods such as solution evaporation, solid grinding, and solvent drop grinding and sonocrystallization method. The major factor which affects cocrystal preparation is its thermodynamic stability. Screening of cocrystals gives the details about chemical structure and relation between API and coformer. As concern with the therapeutic utility, cocrystals will play major role in development of formulation. This review outlines cocrystallization as emerging process in modifying solids, mainly focused on methods applicable for preparation along with examples illustrating cocrystallization in enhancing specific properties of pharmaceutical solids. Final outlook is on future development and growth potential in this field

Computer Based System for Sleep Detection of Driver

Driver drowsiness represents an important risk on the roads. It is one of the main factors leading to accidents or near-missed accidents. So there is a need to develop a system to detect drowsiness of a driver so that the risk of accidents due to drowsiness can be reduced. The Computer Based System to Detect Sleep of a Driver includes the process for detecting the drowsiness of a driver. It detects driver drowsiness and progressively warns the driver, so that he/she can either correct the behavior or stop driving .Video of the driver is taken as input to the system from this video frames are extracted. Then each extracted frame is processed by the system. First of all, blurring of image is done. Then RGB to HSV conversion of image is done. After conversion of image to HSV color format thresholding is applied. Head movement of driver is tracked through camera and offset is set. If head movement offset is greater than set offset value drowsiness of driver is detected and alarm is generated. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15030

Polimorfizam CYP11B1 i PPARGC1A gena i njegov utjecaj na kontrolu reproduktivnih obilježja te procjenu uzgojne vrijednosti za proizvodnju mlijeka u prvoj laktaciji Bos indicus (deoni) goveda

In the present study, in Deoni, the dual purpose cattle breed of Southern India, maintained in a National Dairy Research Institute herd, Southern Regional Station, Bengaluru, molecular characterization of the putative exon 1 of CYP11B1 and putative intron 9 and 3’UTR of PPARGC1A genes was carried out in 146 animals using the PCR-RFLP technique. Three restriction enzymes, namely PstI, HaeIII and NheI, were used for digestion of the amplicons of the genes, respectively. In the putative exon 1 of the CYP11B1 gene, two genotypes, VV and VA, were detected with frequencies of 0.23 and 0.77, respectively. The frequencies of allele V and A in the population were found to be 0.62 and 0.38, respectively. The allelic frequencies of C and T types were observed as 0.63 and 0.37, with frequencies of CC, TC and TT genotypes as 0.38, 0.51 and 0.11 in the putative intron 9 of the PPARGC1A gene, respectively. Three genotypes, namely AA, AC and CC were detected in 3’UTR of the PPARGC1A gene, with respective frequencies of 0.75, 0.21 and 0.04. The allelic frequencies of A and C types were 0.86 and 0.14, respectively. The locus (c.1892+19T>C) in the putative intron 9 of the PPARGC1A gene was found to be significant (PC) genes. No significant (PC) u pretpostavljenom intronu 9 PPARGC1A gena utvrđen je statistički znakovit (PC). U istraženih goveda nije opažena znakovita (P<0,10) povezanost između lokusa gena i uzgojne vrijednosti za proizvodnju mlijeka u prvoj laktaciji