Dissipative collisions in 16^{16}O + 27^{27}Al at Elab_{lab}=116 MeV

The inclusive energy distributions of fragments (3$\leq$Z$\leq$7) emitted in the reaction $^{16}$O + $^{27}$Al at $E_{lab} =$116 MeV have been measured in the angular range $\theta_{lab}$= 15$^\circ$ - 115$^\circ$. A non-linear optimisation procedure using multiple Gaussian distribution functions has been proposed to extract the fusion-fission and deep inelastic components of the fragment emission from the experimental data. The angular distributions of the fragments, thus obtained, from the deep inelastic component are found to fall off faster than those from the fusion-fission component, indicating shorter life times of the emitting di-nuclear systems. The life times of the intermediate di-nuclear configurations have been estimated using a diffractive Regge-pole model. The life times thus extracted ($\sim 1 - 5\times 10^{-22}$ Sec.) are found to decrease with the increase in the fragment charge. Optimum Q-values are also found to increase with increasing charge transfer i.e. with the decrease in fragment charge.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

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Abstract presented in ‘National Seminar on Soil Health Management and Food Security: Role of Soil Science Research and Education’ held at ICAR-NBSS&LUP, Kolkata during October 8-10, 2015.Considering the benefit of conservation tillage in rice based cropping system a field experiment was carried out to evaluate the impact of conservation tillage on soil health in coastal region of West Bengal. The design of experiment was split-split plot with cropping system (rice-rice and rice-cotton) (kharif—rabi) as main plot treatments and tillage type such as zero tillage (ZT), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) as sub plot treatments. The residue (R) and no residue (NR) were as sub-sub plot treatments. The third year of the study showed that there was 10-13% yield reduction in case of zero tillage than other treatments. The soil salinity (EC) was more in rice-cotton system than rice-rice system in both the seasons whereas organic carbon was slightly more in rice-rice system than rice-cotton system. Exchangeable Mg was slightly more than exchangeable Ca. Exchangeable Na was relatively more in cotton-rice system than rice-rice system. ZT showed marginally high in soil salinity may be due to more capillary rise of salt water in ZT than other treatments. Depth wise soil properties indicated that at surface depth there was reduction in bulk density and increase in organic C in ZT than other treatments. Stratification ratio (defined as a soil property at the soil surface divided by the same soil property at lower depth) of organic C was higher in ZT with residue than other treatments, whereas for bulk density, the trend was reserve. The soil organic C stock was determined up to 45 cm soil depth and it was highest in RT with residue (26.02 Mg/ha) followed by CT with residue (25.62 Mg/ha), RT without residue (25.6 Mg/ha), ZT with residue (25.5 Mg/ha), CT without residue (24.9 Mg/ha) and lowest in ZT without residue (22.9 Mg/ha) treatment. The operation wise energy utilization pattern in each treatment was evaluated. More than 80% of energy was used through application of inorganic fertilizer as indirect energy. Rice-rice system was more efficient in energy utilization than rice-cotton system, and the results showed reduced tillage under rice-rice system was most efficient than other treatments.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableCoastal West Bengal, the low-lying landward extension of the continental shelf of the Bay of Bengal is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change. Extreme climate – driven multifarious threats, including tidal gushes, deluge with seawater, permanent submergence of land, occurrence of salinity and water scarcity have taken a toll on food and environmental security of the region. The present article discusses sea-level–rise trends in the estuaries of West Bengal coast and compares it with other coastal region of India, based on estimates derived from tide-gauge data. The PSMSL (Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level) tide data have been analysed to detect the changes of sea level trend using Mann-Kendall non-parametric test and the magnitudes of such trends have been estimated using Sen’s slope. The results affirmed that the rate of sea level changes for four stations, namely, Garden Reach, Diamond Harbour, Haldia and Gangra in West Bengal coast are found to be+7.48, +4.27, +3.24 and +2.06 mm yr-1 whereas for the stations Mumbai and Cochin in west coast the rate of changes were +0.78 and +2.07 mm yr-1 and for Chennai and Vishakhapatnam in east coast the rate of changes were +1.06 and +1.00 mm yr-1. The rise in sea level in West Bengal coast was more during the last ten years (2005-2014) and it increased by 1.65% of long term average in the region. The information on rate of sea level would help in implementing defences against coastal flooding and salinity due to rising sea level.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableCoastal West Bengal, the low-lying landward extension of the continental shelf of the Bay of Bengal is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change. Extreme climate-driven multifarious threats, including tidal gushes, deluge with sea water, permanent submergence of land, occurrence of salinity and water scarcity have taken a toll on food and environmental security of the region. The present article discusses sea-level-rise trends in the estuaries of West Bengal coast and compares it with other coastal region of India, based on estimates derived from tide-gauge data. The PSMSL (Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level) tide data have been analysed to detect the changes of sea level trend using Mann-Kendall non-parametric test and the magnitudes of such trends have been estimated using Sen's slope. The results affirmed that the rate of sea level changes for four stations, namely, Garden Reach, Diamond Harbour, Haldia and Gangra in West Bengal coast are found to be +7.48, +4.27, +3.24 and +2.06 mm yr-1 whereas for the stations Mumbai and Cochin in west coast the rate of changes were +0.78 and +2.07 mm yr-1 and for Chennai and Vishakhapatnam in east coast the rate of changes were +1.06 and +1.00 mm yr-1. The rise in sea level in West Bengal coast was more during the last ten years (2005-2014) and it increased by 1.65% of long term average in the region. The information on rate of sea level would help in implementing defences against coastal flooding and salinity due to rising sea level.Not Availabl

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Abstract presented in ‘11th National Symposium on Innovations in Coastal Agriculture-Current Status and Potential under Changing Environment’ held at ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during January 14-17, 2016Sundarbans in West Bengal of India by virtue of its strategic location in the Eastern coast on the Bay of Bengal falls in the most vulnerable zones of abrupt climate change. Temporal trends of weather parameters of Canning Town (22o18'52'' N Latitude, 88o39'45'' E Longitude, elevation 10 m msl) representing Indian Sundarbans were analysed by non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope approaches. Analysis of long term rainfall data (1966-2014) indicated that Canning receives a mean annual rainfall of 1818.5 mm (±344.8 mm) with a considerable variation (CV = 18.95%). Out of 49 years rainfall data, 35 years received normal (within LPA±CV), 6 years received deficit (25-43%) and 8 years received excess rainfall (35-19%) and results revealed that total annual rainfall trend decreased non-significantly at the rate of 1.00 mm/year. On an average 84 rainy days in a year was recorded in the region, where as during last ten years (2005-2014), the number of rainy days was reduced to 78.8 days/year. Contribution of monsoon months (JJAS) declined marginally at the rate of 0.60 mm, while pre (MAM) and post-monsoon (ONDJF) months increased non-significantly at an annual rate of 0.47 mm and 0.28 mm, respectively. Maximum temperature reflected marginal rising trend in eight months from May to November and February and decreasing trend during December, January, March and April, whereas minimum temperature manifested rising trend during March-November and decreasing trend during December-February. Bright sunshine hours declined significantly at an annual rate of 0.05 hours/year. Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) calculated using FAO Penman-Monteith method revealed that annual ET0 significantly decreased at the rate of 5.60 mm/year, which may be due to gradual decline in bright sunshine hours in the region. Pre and post-monsoon rainfall meet the 46 and 53% of crop evapotranspiration demand. There was 2.8 times surplus rainfall than crop evapotranspiration during monsoon months indicating very high scope of water harvesting to tackle water logging during the monsoon season and unavailability of fresh water for irrigation during lean season.Not Availabl

D.B. Nayak

Not AvailableSundarbans in West Bengal of India by virtue of its strategic location in the Eastern coast on the Bay of Bengal falls in one of the most vulnerable zones of abrupt climate change. Temporal trends of weather parameters of Canning Town (22o18'10.8'' N Latitude, 88o39'58.4'' E Longitude, elevation 3.52 m msl) representing Indian Sundarbans were analysed by non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope approaches. Analysis of long term rainfall data (1966-2015) indicated that Canning receives a mean annual rainfall of 1821 mm (±341.8 mm) with a considerable variation (CV = 18.8%). The results revealed that total annual rainfall trend decreased non-signicantly at the rate of 0.94 mm yr-1. On an average 84.4 rainy days in a year was recorded in the region, whereas during last ten years (2006-2015), the number of rainy days was reduced to 79.7 days yr-1. There was no signicant change in maximum, minimum and mean temperature of the region. Bright sunshine hours declined signicantly at an annual rate of 0.055 hr yr-1. Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET ) calculated using FAO Penman-Monteith method revealed 0 that annual ET signicantly decreased at the rate of 5.98 mm yr-1. There was 2.7 times surplus rainfall than 0 crop evapotranspiration during monsoon months indicating very high scope of water harvesting to tackle water logging during the monsoon season and unavailability of fresh water for irrigation during lean season.ICAR-NICR

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Abstract presented in 82nd Annual Convention of Indian Society of Soil Science, held at Amity University, Kolkata, during 11-14, December, 2017.Sundarbans in West Bengal, India by virtue of its strategic location in the Eastern coast of the Bay of Bengal falls in the most vulnerable zones of abrupt climate change. Analysis of the long period rainfall data (1966-2014) indicates that the region receives very high annual rainfall (1818.5 mm) which is concentrated only over a few monsoon months; most of the rain water goes waste as runoff and creates widespread water logging of the low-lying agricultural fields. On an average 84 rainy days in a year was recorded in the region, whereas during last ten years (2005-2014), the number of rainy days was reduced to 78.8 days/year. There was 2.7 times surplus rainfall than crop evapo-transpiration during monsoon months indicating very high scope of water harvesting to tackle water logging during the monsoon season and unavailability of fresh water for irrigation during lean season. The present study assessed the effects of different land shaping models i.e., farm pond (FP), deep furrow and high ridge (RF) and paddy cum fish (PCF) system for rain water harvesting in restoring the productivity of degraded coastal soils in Sundarbans during 2012, 2013 and 2014 with an annual rainfall of 1583 (normal), 2164 (excess) and 1368 mm (deficit), respectively. A water balance was run to estimate the soil moisture, crop evapotranspiration, runoff and water depth in the reservoir. On an average the amount of runoff harvested was 3273, 1387 and 952 m3 per hectare per year in FP, RF and PCF system. The amount of runoff going out of the system was 12.2, 23.6 and 25.5 % of the annual rainfall in FP, RF and PCF system whereas in monocrop rice-fallow system the runoff was 34.6% of the annual rainfall during these three years period (2012-2014). On an average annually 1717, 1042 and 791 m3 of harvested water was used for irrigation during lean period in FP, RF and PCF system. We estimated all the three components of water footprints (WF) i.e., blue WF (WFblue), green WF (WFgreen) and gray WF (WFgray) for washing excess salt accumulation as an aggregative indicator to evaluate environmental impact of each land shaping system along with dominant rice-fallow and rice-rice system. In FP system out of total WF of 808.5 m3t-1, WFgreen was 608.1, WFblue 103.1 and WFgray was 97.3 m3t-1, respectively, whereas in case of RF system total WF was 976.2 m3t-1out of which WFgreen, WFblue and WFgray was 783.7, 75.3 and 117.2 m3t-1, respectively and in PCF system total WF, WFgreen, WFblue and WFgray was 1029.2, 836.2, 63.3, and 129.7 m3t-1 respectively. In rice fallow and rice-rice system the total WF, WFgreen, WFblue and WFgray was 3644.8, 3113.6, nil and 531.2; and 1883.5, 974.2, 702.4 and 206.9, respectively indicating copious use of ground water in rice-rice system. Large scale adaptation of different land shaping models for rain water harvesting in farmers’ field increased the cropping intensity and net farm income in the region and there was reduction in salinity during summer and water logging during rainy season and overall improvement in soil quality.Not Availabl