3 research outputs found

    Risk factors associated with development of senile cataract

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    Background: Cataract is the most common cause of reversible blindness worldwide, which has been associated with various causative risk factors. Hence, we aim to study the factors that might play a role in cataractogenesis. Material and methods: A total of 240 eyes of 240 subjects were included for the study, which consisted of 120 cases with age-related cataract and 120 age-matched controls, and in them various factors like blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), smoking, sun exposure, and serum cholesterol were studied. Results: A statistically significant difference between the two groups was found with respect to smoking profile (p = 0.007), sun exposure (p = 0.001), and serum cholesterol (p < 0.001). Subjects who were smokers, had a longer exposure to sun, and had higher serum cholesterol level were found to be positively associated with development of cataract. No significant association between BMI (p = 0.384) and blood pressure (p > 0.05) was observed. Conclusion: Higher cholesterol levels, increased sun exposure, and smoking habit play a role in the development of senile cataract, and these are modifiable risk factors. Hence, control of these might help in delaying formation and progression of cataract

    OCT based macular thickness in a normal Indian pediatric population

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    Purpose: Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high resolution cross-sectional images of the retina, vitreous humor, and optic nerve head with an axial resolution of 5 μm and a reproducibility of 1.6 μm. An integrated normative database is available only for adult subjects ≥18 years of age; the normal reference ranges of the macular thicknesses of pediatric subjects are not available. The purpose of this study was to determine the normal reference range of macular thickness of pediatric. Methods: A total of 340 eyes of 170 children 5-17 years of age were recruited for this study. Participants received a full ophthalmic examination including a vision assessment, cycloplegic refraction, fundus examination, intraocular pressure measurement, assessment of ocular motility, and alignment. Macular thickness measurements were obtained through dilated pupils using Cirrus HD-OCT. Results: The mean macular thickness was 114.88 ± 14.74 in the right eye and 113.99 ± 15.62 in the left eye (P = 0.589). On further evaluation, macular thickness was highest in the inner macula, followed by the outer macula and central fovea (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The normative data of macular thickness in pediatric subjects 5-17 years of age will help diagnose macular disorders

    Clinical and Molecular Outcomes After Combined Intense Pulsed Light Therapy With Low-Level Light Therapy in Recalcitrant Evaporative Dry Eye Disease With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

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    PURPOSE: Dry eye disease (DED) is a leading cause of ocular morbidity worldwide. This study evaluates the effects of combined light therapy [intense pulsed light (IPL) and low-level light therapy (LLLT)] on clinical and molecular outcomes in evaporative DED with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS: This prospective study evaluated 94 eyes (47 subjects) with chronic MGD treated with combined light therapy. Patients underwent a detailed evaluation of MGD and DED using the Ocular Surface Disease Index, dry eye tests-tear breakup time and Schirmer test, ocular surface staining, meibomian gland expressibility scoring, and meibography. Patients underwent a single session of combined light therapy (IPL + LLLT treatment) using the Eye-light device. All these tests were repeated at 3 and 6 months after treatment. Tear fluid and ocular surface wash samples were collected from a subset of patients before and after treatment for cellular and secreted immune factor profiling by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Combined light therapy (IPL + LLLT) demonstrated a marked improvement in the clinical metrics studied. Three months after treatment, Ocular Surface Disease Index showed a significant reduction in 95.6% (P < 0.0001), tear breakup time increased in 72.3% (P < 0.0001), and meibomian gland expressibility scoring increased in 80.8% (P < 0.0001) of the eyes. These effects were observed to be sustained during the 6-month follow-up visit. Significant (P < 0.05) reduction in tear fluid levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-17F, and MMP9; MMP9/TIMP1 ratio; and ocular surface B-cell proportions was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Combined light therapy shows promising results in patients with chronic MGD and DED, even in recalcitrant cases. Clinical and molecular factor alterations support the improved symptomatology and reduced inflammation
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