Radiation risk factors in incidence anortality among exposed individuals of East Kazakhstand m

Introduction: Lengthy clinical and epidemiological studies at the Research Institute of Radiation Medicine and Ecology have discovered basic patterns of long-term effects from ionizing radiation in population groups exposed to radiation risk. Methodology for calculating injury from radiation risk factors has been developed and implemented to minimize the effects of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (SNTS).Material and methods: We analyzed materials from the database of the Scientific Medical Register that were exposed to radiation as a result of SNTS. We analyzed both male and female populations of the Abay, Beskaragai and Zhanasemei, Kokpekti (control) areas of East-Kazakhstan region (EKR) from 2008-2012. These populations were split into three groups allocated by the generation. The first group represented persons born from the period of 01/01/1930 -08/01/1949 and their children born from the period of 10/09/1949-12/31/1962. The second group were persons born after 01/01/1963. The third group served as the control and were persons who immigrated to these areas after 1990.Results: There was an increased incidence of cancer (21.5%, p < 0.000734), cardiovascular diseases (10.2%); respiratory problems (9.6%), gastrointestinal issues (9.1%, p < 0.00371-0.00679) in the first group. The effect of the radiation dose has not been fully stuided among the subjects in the second group.The major causes of excess mortality in the first group were neoplams (30.6%), hypertension (23.8%), and myocardial infarction (22.6%). The effects of radiation influenced mortality in the second group were 2-2.5 times lower than the first group.Conclusion: There is a correlation between the size of the radiation dose, the risk profile, and age at the moment of radiation exposure with trends of morbidity and mortality in the radiation exposed areas

Radiation risk factors in incidence anortality among exposed individuals of East Kazakhstand m

Introduction: Lengthy clinical and epidemiological studies at the Research Institute of Radiation Medicine and Ecology have discovered basic patterns of long-term effects from ionizing radiation in population groups exposed to radiation risk. Methodology for calculating injury from radiation risk factors has been developed and implemented to minimize the effects of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (SNTS). Material and methods: We analyzed materials from the database of the Scientific Medical Register that were exposed to radiation as a result of SNTS. We analyzed both male and female populations of the Abay, Beskaragai and Zhanasemei, Kokpekti (control) areas of East-Kazakhstan region (EKR) from 2008-2012. These populations were split into three groups allocated by the generation. The first group represented persons born from the period of 01/01/1930 -08/01/1949 and their children born from the period of 10/09/1949-12/31/1962. The second group were persons born after 01/01/1963. The third group served as the control and were persons who immigrated to these areas after 1990. Results: There was an increased incidence of cancer (21.5%, p < 0.000734), cardiovascular diseases (10.2%); respiratory problems (9.6%), gastrointestinal issues (9.1%, p < 0.00371-0.00679) in the first group. The effect of the radiation dose has not been fully stuided among the subjects in the second group. The major causes of excess mortality in the first group were neoplams (30.6%), hypertension (23.8%), and myocardial infarction (22.6%). The effects of radiation influenced mortality in the second group were 2-2.5 times lower than the first group. Conclusion: There is a correlation between the size of the radiation dose, the risk profile, and age at the moment of radiation exposure with trends of morbidity and mortality in the radiation exposed areas

Physical Experiences of the Nuclear Explosions in the Semipalatinsk Area : Radiation Exposure Level and Distance from the Hypocenter

The present paper has three aims related to important, direct experiences of the nuclear explosions among persons living near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS). The first is to describe those experiences. The second is to examine their association with the radiation exposure. The third is to clarify their relationship with distance from the center of the nuclear test area. We examined responses to a questionnaire survey conducted from 2002 to 2005 and analyzed them using logistic regression analysis. The major results were: (1) approximately 94% of respondents reported having some direct experience from the nuclear tests; (2) approximately 66% of the respondents saw flashes, 50% felt the blasts, and 12% felt heat from the nuclear explosions; (3) the presence or absence of direct experiences from the nuclear explosions did not depend on radiation level but was associated with distance from the hypocenter of the SNTS. This research is the first attempt to describe human experiences of the nuclear explosions at the SNTS. We briefly draw parallels between experiences near the SNTS and experiences among Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bomb survivors. Our next goal in this study is to examine the relationship between direct experiences and psychological consequences of the nuclear tests in view of the fact that epidemiologic studies in Hiroshima and Nagasaki have indicated that direct experiences of the atomic bombings induced psychological effects among the A-bomb survivors.核の被害再