The Design And Simulation Of Flow Mode Electrorheological Damper

Electrorheological (ER) Damper Is A Damper That Utilizes Electrorheological Fluid As The Working Fluid. By Changing The Strength Of Applied Electric Field To The Fluid, The Flow Resistance Of The Fluid Changes And Hence The Damping Characteristic Could Be Adjusted. This Paper Provides Theoretical Formulation To Calculate The Damping Constant Of Semi-Active Flow Mode ER Damper. The Formula Is Developed By Analyzing Fluid Velocity Profile That Flows In Electrode Gap. From The Simulation, It Shows That Electric Field Strength Gives Severe Effect To The Damping Level Of The Damper. Without Applying Electric Field, A Reduction On The Gap Of Electrode From 3 To 1 Mm Will Increase The Damping Constant Value By A Factor Of Only 27, While With A 3 Kvmm–1 Electric Field Being Applied, The Increase Is By A Factor Of 595

Analysis of spinel materials for aluminium smelter applications

Aluminium is produced through an energy-intensive Hall-Heroult process that has significant impact to environment. These are mainly due to the necessities of high heat loss needed to form frozen-ledge to protect cell from corrosion. This study explores the potential use of Nickel-Ferrite and Aluminate, and Magnesium-Aluminate spinels, as ledge-free sidewall materials that may reduce the energy demand and carbon footprint of Hall-Heroult process. This includes fabrication of the spinels, thermodynamics and kinetics analysis, corrosion testing, and interfacial study of electrolyte-spinel-aluminium systems. New sidewall designs that utilises these spinels were proposed and experiments on joining the spinels has also been conducted