258 research outputs found
Chemokines in tumor development and progression
Chemokines were originally identified as mediators of the inflammatory process and regulators of leukocyte trafficking. Subsequent studies revealed their essential roles in leukocyte physiology and pathology. Moreover, chemokines have profound effects on other types of cells associated with the inflammatory response, such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Thus, chemokines are crucial for cancer-related inflammation, which can promote tumor development and progression. Increasing evidence points to the vital effects of several chemokines on the proliferative and invasive properties of tumor cells. The wide range of activities of chemokines in tumorigenesis highlights their roles in tumor development and progression. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Pathophysiological roles of Pim-3 kinase in pancreatic cancer development and progression
Pim-3 is a member of the provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (Pim) family proteins that exhibit serine/threonine kinase activity. Similar to the other Pim kinases (Pim-1 and Pim-2), Pim-3 is involved in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, and protein synthesis. Although Pim-3 is expressed in normal vital organs, it is overexpressed particularly in tumor tissues of endoderm-derived organs, including the liver, pancreas, and colon. Silencing of Pim-3 expression can retard in vitro cell proliferation of hepatocellular, pancreatic, and colon carcinoma cell lines by promoting cell apoptosis. Pim-3 lacks the regulatory domains similarly as Pim-1 and Pim-2 lack, and therefore, Pim-3 can exhibit its kinase activity once it is expressed. Pim-3 expression is regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by transcription factors (e.g., Ets-1) and post-translational modifiers (e.g., translationally-controlled tumor protein), respectively. Pim-3 could promote growth and angiogenesis of human pancreatic cancer cells in vivo in an orthotopic nude mouse model. Furthermore, a Pim-3 kinase inhibitor inhibited cell proliferation when human pancreatic cancer cells were injected into nude mice, without inducing any major adverse effects. Thus, Pim-3 kinase may serve as a novel molecular target for developing targeting drugs against pancreatic and other types of cancer
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çãªã©ã«ãããŠãå°¿äžIL-8æ¿åºŠãææã«äžæããŠããããšãèªããããããã®çµæã¯ãå°¿äžIL-8æ¿åºŠã®æž¬å®ããå°¿è·¯çŸæ£ã®æ°ããªæçšãªèšºææ³ã«ãªãããå¯èœæ§ã瀺ããŠãããšèããããã以äžã®ç 究ãšäžŠè¡ããŠãIL-8éºäŒåçºçŸèª¿ç¯æ©æ§ã®ååçç©åŠç解æãè¡ã£ãããã®çµæãIL-8éºäŒåäžæµåã«ååšããNF-kBé åããIL-8éºäŒåçºçŸã«éèŠã§ããããšã確èªãããThe results of the project is summarized as follows.1. We established MCAF-producing cell line by transfecting MCAF cDNA into a mouse myeloma cell line and purified MCAF from the culture supernatants of this cell line. We observed that the preadministration of purified recombinant MCAF could prevent either normal or granulocytopenic mice from lethal infection caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa o r Salmonella typhymurium.2. We established a specific and sensitive ELASA against human MCAF.Using this ELASA, we observed that the pleural fluid levels of MCAF increased in patients with malignant pleurisy upon the administration of an immunomodulator, OK-432. In addition, most human glioblastoma cell lines could produce MCAF in response to IL-1 or TNFalpha, suggesting a potential role of MCAF in tumor immunity.3. We also examined the role of MCAF-related molecule, interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the acute inflammation by administering a neutralizing antibody against IL-8. these experiments demonstrated that IL-8 plays an essential role in neutrophil infiltration and neutrophi-dependent tissue injuries in lipopolysaccharide-induced dermatitis and lung reperfusion injury.4. The determination of urinary IL-8 lavels using ELISA revealed that urinary IL-8 levels increased in the urines of patients with urinary tract infections and those with several types of glomerulonephritis such as lupus nephritis, acute glomerulonephritis, and IgA nephropathy with acute exacerbations.These results imply that the determination of urinary IL-8 level can be used for diagnosing and monitoring several diseases in urinary tracts.In addition, we explored the molecular biological aspects of IL-8 gene activation and established that NF_B site was essentially involved in the transcription of IL-8 gene in every cell line that we examined.ç 究課é¡/é åçªå·:04671430, ç 究æé(幎床):1992 â 1993åºå
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ã«æŽé²ãããšãããIL-8éºäŒåã®è»¢åãªãã³ã«ç£çãèªå°ããããããã«èççµç¹äžã®ç现èãã®ãã®ããIL-8ã¬ã»ãã¿ãŒãçºçŸããŠããããšãæããã«ãªã£ãã 5)掻æ§åè£äœç¬¬5æå(C5a)åºæ¿ã«ãã£ãŠãåç现èæ ªã§NF-κBãªãã³ã«AP-1ã掻æ§åãããããšã«ãã£ãŠãIL-8éºäŒå転åãªãã³ã«èçœç£çãèªå°ãããããšãæããã«ãªã£ãã 6)æ¥æ§èé害ã¢ãã«ã§ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãã³Î³ã®çµç¹é害ãžã®é¢äžãæããã«ãããThis study was performed to clarify the pathophysiological roles of chemokines and their receptors in various types of diseases. Through these studies, we obtained the results as follows.1) Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, a functional homologue of human interleukin-8 (IL-8), was produced periodically at mouse vaginal epithelium immediately after the ovulation. Moreover, locally produced MIP-2 was involved in postovulatory neutrophil migration into vagina.2) Subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline into rats caused chronic pulmonary hypertension accompanied with intrapulmonary macrophage infiltration. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 was produced at the onset of macrophage infiltration. The administration of anti-MCP-1 antibodies reduced macrophage infiltration and alleviated pulmonary hypertension. These results suggest that MCP-1 was involved in the pathogenesis of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension, through inducing macrophage infiltration.3) In an acute typ e of IgA nephropathy, urinary IL-8 levels were increased with no increase in urinary MCP-1 levels. In contrast, in a chronic type of IgA nephropathy which is prone to develop chronic renal failure, urinary MCP-1 levels were markedly increased while urinary IL-8 levels were not. Moreover, we found that urinary MIP-lα and MCP-1 levels correlated with crescent formation and interstitial lesions in chronic crescentic glomerulonephritis, respectively. Thus, various chemokines were produced locally and differentially at the diseased kidney, thereby contributing to the establishment of various renal lesions.4) Angiogenesis and tumor formation was enhanced by IL-8 cDNA transfection into gastric cancer cell lines. Moreover, we observed IL-8 mRNA and protein expression near necrotic areas in the tumor sites. Because the area close to necrosis is presumed to be hypoxic, we rendered human ovarian cancer and melanoma cell lines hypoxia. Hypoxia activated two types of transcription factors, AP-1 and NF-κBB, thereby inducing IL-8 production. Furthermore, we obtained definitive evidence on the presence of IL-8 receptors on human gastric cancer cells. Collectively, these results suggest that IL-8 may be involved in tumor progression by inducing angiogenesis and changing the phenotypes of cancer cells.5) We observed that C5a activated AP-1 and NF-κB, thereby inducing IL-8 production in a human monocyte cell line.6) We obtained the evidence that interferon-γ was involved in granuloma formation in Propinibacterium acnes-primed mice and subsequent lipopolysaccharide-induced liver tissue damage, by regulating macrophage infiltration and the production of several cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α IL-12, and IL-18.ç 究課é¡/é åçªå·:10044254, ç 究æé(幎床):1998-1999åºå
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