European integration by daylight

It has become common to highlight the desirability of a more 'politicised' European Union (EU) so as to counter the low visibility of its policymaking and the disaffection this may breed. Endorsing this view, the article argues existing contributions to the topic tend to give insufficient attention to the relationship between institutional settings and everyday life, and to underplay the significance of how political actors interpret and reproduce the social and political world. The article explores how one might reconsider these questions, drawing on some of the insights of cultural and pragmatic sociology to suggest that the important obstacles to further politicisation may be rooted in contemporary political culture. A contribution is thereby intended both to the topic in question and to a wider effort to supplement institutional perspectives in EU studies with those drawn from sociology

Effect of humidity and temperature on conidial germination and appressorium development of two Philippine isolates of the mango anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

A comparison of rates of germination and appressorium formation by an isolate of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on mango leaves, fruit surfaces and cellophane membranes showed that behaviour was broadly similar on all three substrates. Frequency of appressorium formation was slightly higher on cellophane membranes, and both hyaline and melanized appressoria were formed. Only melanized appressoria were formed on mango surfaces. In vitro experiments on membranes showed comparative differences in physiological behaviour with temperature for two Philippine isolates of C. gloeosporioides. The most stimulatory temperature for production of appressoria differed in isolates I-2 and I-4 (25 and 20 degrees C, respectively). At 30 degrees C more appressoria became melanized than at lower temperatures, but the frequency of formation of penetration pegs was highest at 25 degrees C. Conidia of C. gloeosporioides germinated on cellophane membranes at relative humidities as low as 95%, but the percentage of conidia germinating and forming appressoria increased as the RH approached 100%. Approximately 18% of conidia of C. gloeosporioides I-2 held at 62 and 86% RH for 4 weeks retained viability, and some were capable of forming appressoria when placed at 100% RH. These results have implications for epidemiological models for disease control