Exploring osteoporosis sufferers knowledge on sedentary behaviour in the management of their disease

Objectives: 1) To develop an understanding of the thoughts and opinions of older women diagnosed with osteoporosis regarding sedentary behaviour and 2) Investigate strategies used to reduce sedentary behaviour for future intervention development. Methods: Eleven older women with osteoporosis (mean age=68.2y±6.6(SD)) participated in semi-structured interviews (March-May 2020). They were recruited from the Royal Osteoporosis Society (Scottish) support group networks and the Strathclyde Age-Friendly-Academy. Telephone interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using Braun & Clarke (2006). Results: Three main themes emerged: ‘Older Women’s Knowledge’, ‘Motivators to reduce Sedentary Behaviour’ and ‘Older Adult’s and Technology’. Participants reported an increase/maintenance of physical activity levels after osteoporosis diagnosis, had a good understanding and awareness of sedentary behaviour and how it affects health holistically. Participants identified motivators to interrupt sedentary behaviour (e.g. family/friends) and facilitators of sedentary behaviour (e.g. Television). Technology appeared to be used widely among participants to track movement patterns (e.g. Fitbit) but access and usability were identified as potential barriers when using technology to reduce sedentary behaviour among older adults. Conclusion: Knowledge does not appear to be a factor that needs addressing in relation to sedentary behavior in older women diagnosed with osteoporosis. Identified motivators and barriers could increase awareness of sedentary behaviour among older adults

A qualitative exploration of the barriers to healthy physical activity and diet in young adults with intellectual disabilities transitioning to adulthood

[Abstract unavailable

A qualitative study for co-designing the future of technology to support physical activity for adolescents living with type 1 diabetes

Aim: The aims of this study were to (i) understand what adolescents (and their parents) identify as positive and negative experiences with technology for engaging in physical activity (PA) when living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and (ii) identify possible future design considerations for supporting or enabling technologies for this population. Methods: Nine online collaborative workshops (n = 25 people) were held over a month with participants who were either adolescents attending with (n = 22) or without (n = 3, aged 16 and over) parents. Each workshop involved (1) a training activity, (2) a design task involving describing a good day vs. a bad day, and (3) a design task asking people to consider future design changes for technology to support them in engaging with physical activity. Results: The following key themes emerged from the first design task: (1) Wearable factors; (2) Social acceptance & identity; (3) Negative emotions; (4) Glycaemic stability offers positive emotions and PA Enjoyment; and (5) Presence, preparation & prevention. The second design task identified the following additional key themes: (6) Improve attachment experiences; (7) Connected devices reduce user burden; (8) Improve accuracy; (9) Personalisation of devices; (10) Funding and policy changes – health equity. Conclusion: Technology can reduce the burden and improve PA support, but there are still gaps in how these technologies can be better designed to consider the psychosocial and emotional factors of both adolescents and their parents as co-users

Letting the world see through your eyes : using photovoice to explore the role of technology in physical activity for adolescents living with type 1 diabetes

This paper qualitatively explores how technologies and physical activity are experienced by adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is a life-threatening autoimmune condition, which is highly prevalent in young children. Physical activity is underutilised as part of treatment goals due to multifactorial challenges and lack of education in both the family setting and across society as a whole. Using photovoice methodology, 29 participants (parents and adolescents), individually or as dyads, shared and described in reflective journal format examples of technology and physical activity in their lives. In total, 120 personal photographs with accompanying narratives were provided. The data were thematically coded by the researcher and then collaboratively with participants. Four key themes (and 12 subthemes) were generated including: (i) benefits of technology; (ii) complexity and difficulty; (iii) emotional impact; (iv) reliance and risk. Findings demonstrate that current technology does not address the complex needs of adolescents with type 1 diabetes to enable participation in physical activity without life risk. We conclude from our findings that future technologies for supporting engagement in physical activity as part of diabetes management need to be: more interoperable, personalised and integrated better with ongoing education and support

Screenomics : a new approach for observing and studying individuals' digital lives

This study describes when and how adolescents engage with their fast-moving and dynamic digital environment as they go about their daily lives. We illustrate a new approach—screenomics—for capturing, visualizing, and analyzing screenomes, the record of individuals’ day-to-day digital experiences. Sample includes over 500,000 smartphone screenshots provided by four Latino/Hispanic youth, age 14 to 15 years, from low-income, racial/ethnic minority neighborhoods. Screenomes collected from smartphones for 1 to 3 months, as sequences of smartphone screenshots obtained every 5 seconds that the device is activated, are analyzed using computational machinery for processing images and text, machine learning algorithms, human labeling, and qualitative inquiry. Adolescents’ digital lives differ substantially across persons, days, hours, and minutes. Screenomes highlight the extent of switching among multiple applications, and how each adolescent is exposed to different content at different times for different durations—with apps, food-related content, and sentiment as illustrative examples. We propose that the screenome provides the fine granularity of data needed to study individuals’ digital lives, for testing existing theories about media use, and for generation of new theory about the interplay between digital media and development

The evaluation of ActiveChat : a classroom-based physical activity and sedentary behaviour programme implemented in Scottish secondary schools

This abstract contributes to the Active Scotland Outcomes Framework as it is an evaluation of a classroom-based programme which aimed to educate adolescents on the importance of physical activity and motivate them to become more active. The programme also encouraged adolescents to find their own solutions to being more active, thus enhancing autonomy and competence. Background: Physical activity (PA) of Scottish adolescents is low, with 18% reportedly meeting the guidelines. The school environment can provide opportunities for pupils to be active. ActiveChat is a classroom-based, teacher delivered PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) programme designed to enhance motivation and positive attitudes towards PA, reduce SB, and integrate movement within the classroom. Few classroom-based programmes have been designed and implemented within the secondary school setting. Aim: Evaluation of programmes is important to determine effectiveness, therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate ActiveChat through exploring teacher and pupils’ perceptions of the programme and determine the level of fidelity. Methods: Two teachers (1M, 1F; age range 35-64 years) and 17 pupils (9M, 8F; age range = 11- 14 years) participated in semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Duration of interviews/focus groups were ~15-30 minutes. A concurrent deductive and inductive content analysis was used to identify overall themes. Fidelity was assessed through direct observation, whereby two researchers observed all ActiveChat classes. Results/Findings: Overall themes identified in the interviews with the teachers were: positive overview of the ActiveChat programme; intended outcomes; negative views towards movement outside lesson tasks; perceived benefits of active learning; recommendations to improve the ActiveChat programme; and personal experience and perceptions. Overall themes identified in the pupil focus groups were: positive perceptions of the ActiveChat programme; negative aspects of the ActiveChat programme; recommendations to improve the ActiveChat programme; learning outcomes; and barriers to PA. Good levels of fidelity were reported based on researchers’ observations, with 63% of the programme being implemented as designed. Conclusion: Results of this evaluative study suggested teachers and pupils were receptive to the ActiveChat programme and identified its ability to integrate within the Scottish education system – the Curriculum for Excellence. Key findings from the direct observation and the teacher interviews suggest that movement needs to be integrated as part of the lesson tasks, rather than isolated active breaks. These findings and the recommendations provided by both teachers and pupils will further develop the ActiveChat programme for future research and implementation

Feasibility of an intervention for increasing moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in primary school physical education: a study protocol

Background: Most primary school Physical Education (PE) has relatively little health-enhancing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). - A promising theory and evidence-based intervention, the ‘SHARP Principles’ model, has been effective in making PE lessons more active in one area of England. This protocol paper explains the rationale for use of the SHARP intervention, and the methods used to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a version of SHARP translated for use in Scotland (SHARP Scotland). Methods: The feasibility of SHARP Scotland will be evaluated by key areas of focus for feasibility studies: Acceptability, Implementation, Integration, Limited Efficacy Testing. A combination of process measures, including observations, session delivery records, accelerometry-data collection, questionnaires, and semi-structured qualitative focus groups with teachers and pupils will be used. The feasibility and suitability of the SHARP Scotland intervention for a future Randomised Control Trial (RCT) will be assessed. The study will involve children from 8-11 years old (Primary 4 to 6) in two schools, one large urban school, and one smaller school; four classes will be randomly assigned to the intervention group (will be taught by class teachers with SHARP approach training), and four classes randomly assigned to the usual-care (standard curriculum) control group (taught by class teachers without SHARP training). Within the 8-week intervention, MVPA in the intervention group will be targeted by encouraging class teachers to deliver their PE classes in more active ways, following SHARP Principles. A maximum of 64 PE lessons Open Peer Review Approval Status 1 version 2 (revision) 17 Oct 2022 version 1 02 Mar 2022 view Freya MacMillan , Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia 1. Any reports and responses or comments on the article can be found at the end of the article. Page 1 of 13 F1000Research 2022, 11:258 Last updated: 17 OCT 2022 Corresponding author: Lan Sum WONG ([email protected]) Author roles: WONG LS: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing; Muirhead F: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing; Powell E: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing; Woodfield LA: Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing; Stewart C: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Software, Writing – Review & Editing; Reilly JJ: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2022 WONG LS et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite this article: WONG LS, Muirhead F, Powell E et al. Feasibility of an intervention for increasing moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in primary school physical education: a study protocol [version 2; peer review: 1 approved] F1000Research 2022, 11:258 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.109096.2 First published: 02 Mar 2022, 11:258 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.109096.1 delivered in a SHARP way will be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Discussion: The outcome of this study will be an assessment of whether applying the SHARP intervention is feasible in Scottish schools. Identification of any modifications to the intervention or evaluation which are required will provide insight for a fully powered effectiveness trial in the future, if appropriate

Patients' experiences of digital health interventions for the self-management of chronic pain : protocol for a systematic review and thematic synthesis

Background: Chronic pain is a highly prevalent condition that requires multidisciplinary treatment. However, in the United Kingdom, access to specialist pain clinics where patients can receive medical multidisciplinary treatment is limited, and provision varies between health boards. As such, self-management of chronic pain using digital tools has been gaining traction recently, but evidence of its effectiveness from clinical-based trials focuses mainly on quantitative outcomes. Objective: This systematic review aims to identify, appraise, and synthesize qualitative evidence on patients’ experiences with digital health interventions (DHIs) for the management of chronic pain. Methods: This systematic review will consider qualitative and mixed methods studies that explore the experience of patients (aged 18 years and older) with chronic pain engaging in DHIs to manage their pain. MEDLINE Ovid, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases will be searched for published studies. The systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the ENTREQ (Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research) guidelines. Following the 3-step thematic synthesis methodology of Thomas and Harden, titles and abstracts will be screened by 2 independent reviewers (AM and HM), and a third reviewer (MI or FM) will resolve any conflict that arises before the full-text screening. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist tool will be used to critically appraise the included studies. The extracted data will be imported to NVivo (QSR International), where thematic synthesis will be used to derive analytical themes from the included studies. Results: Themes that encapsulate the patient experience will be identified from qualitative evidence, and these themes will shed light on the perceived benefits and disadvantages, usability, acceptability, and the overall impact digital tools can have on the lives of those with chronic pain. Conclusions: This systematic review will identify, appraise, and synthesize the overall experience of patients engaging in DHI to manage a diverse range of chronic pain conditions. By elaborating the patient experience through qualitative analysis, the findings from this review will enhance our current understanding of the experiences of patients with chronic pain using digital tools for the self-management of their pain and highlight what person-centered elements are essential for future DHI development

Treatments for hyperemesis gravidarum and nausea and vomiting in pregnancy:A systematic review and economic assessment

Background: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) affects up to 85% of all women during pregnancy, but for the majority self-management suffices. For the remainder, symptoms are more severe and the most severe form of NVP – hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) – affects 0.3–1.0% of pregnant women. There is no widely accepted point at which NVP becomes HG. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relative clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treatments for NVP and HG. Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux (CAB) Abstracts, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, British Nursing Index, Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, Scopus, Conference Proceedings Index, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Health Economic Evaluations Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects were searched from inception to September 2014. References from studies and literature reviews identified were also examined. Obstetric Medicine was hand-searched, as were websites of relevant organisations. Costs came from NHS sources. Review methods: A systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for effectiveness, and population-based case series for adverse events and fetal outcomes. Treatments: vitamins B6 and B12, ginger, acupressure/acupuncture, hypnotherapy, antiemetics, dopamine antagonists, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonists, intravenous (i.v.) fluids, corticosteroids, enteral and parenteral feeding or other novel treatment. Two reviewers extracted data and quality assessed studies. Results were narratively synthesised; planned meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity and incomplete reporting. A simple economic evaluation considered the implied values of treatments. Results: Seventy-three studies (75 reports) met the inclusion criteria. For RCTs, 33 and 11 studies had a low and high risk of bias respectively. For the remainder (n = 20) it was unclear. The non-randomised studies (n = 9) were low quality. There were 33 separate comparators. The most common were acupressure versus placebo (n = 12); steroid versus usual treatment (n = 7); ginger versus placebo (n = 6); ginger versus vitamin B6 (n = 6); and vitamin B6 versus placebo (n = 4). There was evidence that ginger, antihistamines, metoclopramide (mild disease) and vitamin B6 (mild to severe disease) are better than placebo. Diclectin® [Duchesnay Inc.; doxylamine succinate (10 mg) plus pyridoxine hydrochloride (10 mg) slow release tablet] is more effective than placebo and ondansetron is more effective at reducing nausea than pyridoxine plus doxylamine. Diclectin before symptoms of NVP begin for women at high risk of severe NVP recurrence reduces risk of moderate/severe NVP compared with taking Diclectin once symptoms begin. Promethazine is as, and ondansetron is more, effective than metoclopramide for severe NVP/HG. I.v. fluids help correct dehydration and improve symptoms. Dextrose saline may be more effective at reducing nausea than normal saline. Transdermal clonidine patches may be effective for severe HG. Enteral feeding is effective but extreme method treatment for very severe symptoms. Day case management for moderate/severe symptoms is feasible, acceptable and as effective as inpatient care. For all other interventions and comparisons, evidence is unclear. The economic analysis was limited by lack of effectiveness data, but comparison of costs between treatments highlights the implications of different choices. Limitations: The main limitations were the quantity and quality of the data available. Conclusion: There was evidence of some improvement in symptoms for some treatments, but these data may not be transferable across disease severities. Methodologically sound and larger trials of the main therapies considered within the UK NHS are needed. Study registration: This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42013006642. Funding: The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme