PENGARUH PEMBERIAN VITAMIN B6 DAN VITAMIN B12 TERHADAP KONSENTRASI HOMOSISTEIN SERUM PADA PASIEN LEUKEMIA LIMPOBLASTIK AKUT YANG MENDAPAT KEMOTERAPI METOTREKSAT INTRA TEKAL (MTX IT) DAN METOTREKSAT HIGH DOSE (MTX HD)

Latar belakang: Leukemia merupakan 35% keganasan pada anak, yang terbanyak adalah Leukemia Limpoblastik Akut (LLA) sebesar 80%. Pedoman kemoterapi LLA yang dipakai berdasarkan Indonesian Childhood ALL-Protocol 2013, menggunakan kemoterapi metotreksat (MTX) intravena dan intratekal. MTX dapat menghambat enzim dihidrofolat reduktase (DHFR) sehingga meningkatkan homosistein serum. Homosistein yang tinggi mempunyai efek neurotoksisitas. Vitamin B6 dan B12, kofaktor enzim yang berperan pada remethylation dan transsulferation dapat menurunkan konsentrasi homosistein. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian vitamin B6 dan B12 terhadap konsentrasi homosistein pada pasien LLA dengan kemoterapi MTX intratekal (MTX IT) dan MTX intravena high dose (MTX HD). Metode: Penelitian ini case control study dengan pre dan post control group design, populasi penelitian adalah pasien LLA yang dirawat di bagian Anak RS Dr. M.Djamil Padang, dari Januari-Juni 2017, jumlah sampel kontrol dan perlakuan, 20 orang. Hasil: Pemberian vitamin B6 20 mg/hari dan B12 0,5 mg/hari selama 6 minggu dapat menurunkan rerata konsentrasi homosistein 1,98±0,8108 µmol/L atau sekitar 16,43%, bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05) dan terdapat perbedaan rerata konsentrasi homosistein serum setelah 6 minggu pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan,bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Pemberian vitamin B6 dan B12 pada pasien LLA dengan MTX IT dan MTX HD dapat menurunkan rerata konsentrasi homosistein serum. Kata Kunci : LLA, metotreksat, homosistein serum, neurotoksisitas, vitamin B6 dan B1

ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD) DI KABUPATEN PULAU MOROTAI PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA

The purpose of this study is to analyze tourism development in increasing local revenue in Morotai Island Regency, to analyze the factors supporting and inhibiting tourism development in increasing local revenue in Morotai Island Regency, North Maluku Province and formulating tourism development strategies in increasing original income. area (PAD) in Morotai Island Regency, North Maluku Province. This study uses tourism theory according to Mill and Morrison with four components, namely market, travel, marketing and destinations with descriptive qualitative research methods. Sources of data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews and documentation. Methods of data analysis with data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that tourism development in increasing local revenue (PAD) of Morotai Island Regency is seen from four components, namely the market component. The facilities and infrastructure in question must be prepared by local governments, communities, communities and business actors in order to attract tourists to visit the location. tourist destinations in Morotai Island Regency that have not been touched by the Department of Tourism and Culture. The researcher's suggestions are to increase tourism development in four components, namely market, marketing, travel and destinations, then there are twelve suggestions for supporting and inhibiting factors and nine suggestions for tourism development strategies in increasing local revenue (PAD) of Marotai Island Regency.

SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF 2-{4-(T-AMINO)-2-(BUT-2-YN-1-YL)}-1, 3 BENZOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES

Objective: A new series of 2-{4-(t-amino)-2-(but-2-yn-1-yl)}-1,3-benzothiazole derivatives, 2-[4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ2), 2-[4-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ3), 2-[4-(piperidin-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ4), 2-[4-(azepan-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ5), 2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ6), 2-[4-(2, 6-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl]-1, 3-benzothiazole (BZ7) were synthesized and screened in vitro as potential antimicrobial agents.Methods: In-vitro antimicrobial activity evaluation was done, by agar diffusion method and broth dilution test against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538p, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The results of antimicrobial testing were compared to two positive control drugs ciprofloxacin (5 µg/ml) and fluconazole (500µg/ml).Results: Compound 2-[4-(azepan-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ5) showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus with MIC value of 15.62 µg/ml while; Compound 2-[4-(2,6-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ7) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with MIC value of 31.25 µg/ml. Compounds 2-[4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ2) and 2-[4-(azepan-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ5) showed the highest antifungal activity against C. albicans with MIC value of 15.62 µg/ml (for both).Conclusion: The results obtained showed variation in the antibacterial and antifungal activity based on the structure of the cyclic amines in these amino acetylenic benzothiazole derivatives. Keywords: Benzothiazole, Aminoacetylenic, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Mannich reactio

THE EFFECT OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI ON INTERLEUKIN-6 IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

Several studies have shown that the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may be a risk factor for Ischemic Heart Diseases (IHD). Therefore, it is needed to look into the relation between IHD and H. pylori infection. One hundred Iraqi patients with IHD and 60 healthy Iraqis as a control group participated in the current study. The ELISA assay was used for the measurement of the sera levels for anti- H. pylori IgG, IgM, and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Also, H. pylori DNA in the human venous blood was investigated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 16S rDNA primers. Between IHD patients and the control group, H. pylori-IgG and IL-6 mean ± SD were (Patient =1.814±0.08, Control = 0.823±0.09, Patient = 49.73±6.60, Control = 0.21±0.02, respectively), and this results showed a highly significant variation (p 0.05) were found in anti- H. pylori IgM. It was also found that PCR amplification of Helicobacter pylori DNA using 16S rDNA primers was positive in the venous blood of 81 (81%) IHD patients. The current study results proposed that there was a relation between H. pylori and Ischemic Heart Disease

Enhancing an image’s compression while keeping quality standards utilizing new mathematical technology

The rapid development of technology led to the need to keep pace with it, especially in the field of image processing, because of its importance in the need to get better results. In this paper, new discrete Chebyshev wavelet transforms (DChWT) derived from Chebyshev polynomials (ChP) were proposed and characterized. In terms of orthogonality and approximation (convergence) in the field of mathematics, (ChP) were qualified to transform into discrete wavelets called (DChWT), depending on the mother function with operators (s, r), and were used in image processing to analyze them in the low filter and the high filter so that the image is analyzed into coefficients. Proximity and detail coefficients, which lead to dividing the image into four parts, low left (LL), in which the proximity coefficients are concentrated while the rest of the parts are centered on the detail coefficients, which are high left (HL), low right (LR), and high right (HR), and image compression through the new filter, which has proven its efficiency at level (8) in our results. The results of the proposed wavelets in this work were reached in calculating quality standards in the image obtained after the compression process after comparing them with the results obtained using the standard wavelet used in HaarSymlet 2, Conflict 2, and Daubecheis 2. The most important of these standards is a mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), bit per pixel (BPP), compression ratio (CR), and table one. In this paper, the efficiency of the proposed new wavelets is explained after adding it to MATLAB and according to a specific program to drop in with the basic wavelets to take on their role in important tasks in the image processing area, like artificial intelligenc

Improvement of color image analysis using a hybrid artificial intelligence algorithm

Large communications of voice and images over the Internet, which leads to limited space for very large data during the aforementioned correspondence, to overcome this issue to maintain the quality of this technology. The proposal in the efficient algorithm in this work is a method to derive the two new filters from the second and third Chebyshev polynomials by forming the discrete wavelets with the mother wavelet to be used in image processing in order to overcome the problem mentioned above due to the correspondence, The filters that were derived are Filter Discrete Second Chebyshev Wavelets Transform (FDSCWT) and Filter Discrete Third Chebyshev Wavelets Transform (FDTCWT)to process the image by analysis, noise reduction, and image compression. Many of the techniques previously used in the field of image processing do not preserve image information during processing, but when using the new technology proposed in this work, it has been proven to preserve the image with its important information and data through the readings obtained shown in the tables below. These readings are average. Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR), Bits Per Pixel (BPP), and Compression Ratio (CR) in preprocessing. After the initial processing stage, the deep learning stage begins in the field of artificial intelligence. A (CNN) is trained with the two new filters to be the first Discrete Second Chebyshev Wavelets (DSCWCNN) and the second Discrete Third Chebyshev Wavelets Convolutional Neural Network (DTCWCNN), with the code being generated in the MATLAB program with a network Alex Net to complete the classification process that was added in this work to implement the recognition technology. Faces detection with new filters in deep learning to be a unique experience to reach a high level of accuracy of 98.60&nbsp;% with the network for the filter DSCWCNN and 98.92&nbsp;% with the network for the filter DTCWCNN in a very short time, which will be mentioned later in the wor

Effect of nutrient antioxidants on oxidative stress indicators in patients with alopecia areata

People with alopecia areata lose their scalp hair in smooth round patches typically causing bald spots about an inch (2cm) across. Recently Al-Jaff et al demonstrate the association of free radicals in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, and the role of nutrient antioxidants in protecting the immune system from the damaging effect of these radicals.Any imbalances between free radical production and antioxidant deficiency can result in an injury. This clinical study designed to study the role of nutrient antioxidants in protecting the body from damaging effect of radicals and the effect of two month treatment with antioxidants (vitamin A, E, &C) on oxidative stress variable levels and their effect on rate of hair growth in patients with alopecia areata. Treatment with antioxidants significantly elevated body antioxidant defenses component levels, increased Zn levels and decreased Cu levels and corrected the inbalance in these trace metals metabolism in alopecia after 1and 2 months of treatment compared to pretreatment values. The most important point is the clinical significance of antioxidants in improving the hair response of patients with alopecia areata; this may be due to an inhibition of oxidative stress associated with the state of the disease

DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF AMINOACETYLENIC TETRAHYDROPHTHALIMIDE ANALOGUES AS NOVEL CYCLOOXYGENASE (COX) INHIBITORS

Objective: To design and synthesise a new amino acetylenic tetrahydro phthalimide derivative and investigate their selective inhibitory activity to COXs.Methods: Aminoacetylenic tetrahydro phthalimide derivatives were synthesised by alkylation of tetrahydro phthalimide with propargyl bromide afforded 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione. The alkylated tetrahydro phthalimide was subjected to Mannich reaction afforded the desired amino acetylenic tetra phthalimide derivatives (AZ 1-6). The elemental analysis was indicated by the EuroEA elemental analyzer and biological characterization was via IR, 1H-NMR, [13]C-NMR, DSC was determined with the aid of Bruker FT-IR and Varian 300 MHz spectrometer and DMSO-d6 as a solvent, molecular docking was done using the Autodock Tool software (version 4.2). ChemBioDraw was used in the drawing of our schemes.Results: The IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DSC and elemental analysis were consistent with the assigned structures. The designers of the compounds as COXs inhibitor activity were based on the nationalisation of the important criteria that provide effective inhibitory binding with COXs–receptor. The results indicated that the synthesised compounds (AZ1-6) showed a close similarity in the binding affinity to both COXs and may be more specific to COX-1. AZ-5 showed the highest % of inhibition for COX-1 even better than aspirin. Which may suggest that the aryl group is required for COX-2 inhibition.Conclusion: For the first time, we indicate the requirement of aromaticity in COX-2 structural inhibitory activity.Â

The cardio- and endothelial protective effects of ethyl methyl hydroxyl pyridine malate in modeling L-name induced nitric oxide deficiency

Currently, endothelial dysfunction is considered as a predictor of a number of pathologies, including arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure, and is also a pathogenetic component of organ damage in diabetes, hypo estrogenic and other conditions. The purpose of the study is an experimental study of the cardio and vasoprotective effects of etoxidol under conditions of endothelial dysfunctio

Convergent synthesis of new N -substituted 2-{[5-(1H -indol-3-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}acetamides as suitable therapeutic agents

abstract A series of N-substituted 2-{[5-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}acetamides (8a-w) was synthesized in three steps. The first step involved the sequential conversion of 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid (1) to ester (2) followed by hydrazide (3) formation and finally cyclization in the presence of CS2 and alcoholic KOH yielded 5-(1H-indole-3-yl-methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (4). In the second step, aryl/aralkyl amines (5a-w) were reacted with 2-bromoacetyl bromide (6) in basic medium to yield 2-bromo-N-substituted acetamides (7a-w). In the third step, these electrophiles (7a-w) were reacted with 4 to afford the target compounds (8a-w). Structural elucidation of all the synthesized derivatives was done by 1H-NMR, IR and EI-MS spectral techniques. Moreover, they were screened for antibacterial and hemolytic activity. Enzyme inhibition activity was well supported by molecular docking results, for example, compound 8q exhibited better inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase, while 8g and 8b exhibited comparatively better inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase and lipoxygenase, respectively. Similarly, compounds 8b and 8c showed very good antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, which was very close to that of ciprofloxacin, a standard antibiotic used in this study. 8c and 8l also showed very good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus as well. Almost all compounds showed very slight hemolytic activity, where 8p exhibited the least. Therefore, the molecules synthesized may have utility as suitable therapeutic agents